年年考題雖不同，歲歲考點酷相似

陳建艷

2019年的高考已經落下帷幕，但是我班學生興奮的表情卻歷歷在目，他們說語法填空題都做過啦，好幾個學生一出考場就說他們有把握拿滿分（結果也如他們所料）。又因為他們習慣從語法填空題開始做，所以自信心一下子就上來了，考場發揮出色，都拿到自己滿意的分數，尤其是一個體育生，他說單純是語法填空就拿到12分，幾乎是他平時的總成績了。有這樣的成績得益于我們高考備考策略：反復做往年的高考真題，刷各地的高考真題，然后歸類整理，再做練習鞏固。因為我的學生都是來自農村，還是理科生、體育生，學生英語基礎薄弱，甚至是零基礎的，所以我更多的是偏向于收集真題“點對點”的練習題，讓他們知道高考考什么？怎么考？要怎么做？既要吸引他們的注意力，培養英語學習興趣，又要樹立自信心，有堅持學習動力，所以題不在多，不在難，而在于重復做、反復做，熟能生巧吧。下面是2016～2019年高考真題的小歸類對照，共享共勉！

一、than前用比較級

1.（2019年全國I卷）Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements， leading to the illusion（錯覺）that populations are? ?________（high）than they actually are.

2.（2018年全國I卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal， runners live three years________（long）than non-runners.

答案：1. higher? 2. longer

巧記：than 是比較級的標志詞，如果提示詞是形容詞，那就八九不離十啦！除了than之外，提示詞是形容詞又被even， far， much， rather， a little等修飾時，形容詞通常用比較級，如：even stronger（strong）等。

二、by后用v.-ing形式

1.（2019年全國I卷）Scientists have responded by_______（note）that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements， leading to the illusion（錯覺）that populations are higher than they actually are.

2.（2017年全國I卷）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by __________（eat）more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet

答案：1. noting? 2. eating

巧記：by在前，用-ing， by在后，用-ed。注意，介詞后面的提示詞是動詞通常都用-ing形式。

三、主謂一致的be

1.（2019年全國I卷）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining， six________（be）stable， one is increasing， and nine lack enough data..

2.（2018年全國I卷）While running regularly cant make you live forever， the review says it ________（be）more effective at lengthening life than walking， cycling or swimming.

3.（2017年全國I卷）Fast food________（be）full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

答案：1. are? 2. is? 3. is

巧記：主謂一致，顧名思義就是看主語決定謂語是用單數還是復數。要留意做主語的是可數名詞還是不可數名詞，是單數還是復數。

四、三年都考不定式

1.（2019年全國I卷）...and are expensive _________（perform）consistently over a large area.

2.（2018年全國I卷）You dont have to run fast or for long ________（see）the benefit.

3.（2017年全國I卷）They are required ________（process）the food that we eat， to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

答案：1. to perform 2. to see 3. to process

巧記：（1）在形容詞后用不定式，可將Im sorry to hear that. 作為公式來記憶。（2）做目的狀語用不定式;（3）在受序數詞修飾的名詞后用不定式;（4）在require sb to do sth等結構中用不定式。

五、名詞變為形容

1.（2019年全國II卷）We are so proud of her. Its _____（wonder）

2.（2018年全國I卷）Running is cheap， easy and it is always________ （energy）

3.（2017年全國I卷）However， be ________（care）not to go to extremes.

答案：1. wonderful? 2. energetic? 3. careful

巧記：be/系動詞后接形容詞。

六、形容詞變副詞

1.（2019年全國I卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been________ （poor）studied.

2.（2016年全國I卷）The title will be ________（official）given to me at a ceremony in London.

答案：1. poorly? 2. officially

巧記：前后有動詞，多半填副詞;可記作，前有“狼”后有“虎”，中間帶把“刀”的副詞。

七、有時態標志詞的完成時態

1.（2018年全國Ⅱ卷）Since 2011， the country_____（grow）more corn than rice.

2.（2019年全國Ⅰ卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut________（report）increases in bear sightings around human settlements，

答案：1. has grown? 2. have reported

巧記：完成時的標志詞還有already， just， yet， recently， lately， before， twice， so far， in the last/past few years， up to now，till now， since+過去的時間點，for+時間段等等。

八、固定詞組中的冠詞

（2017年全國Ⅰ卷）As________result， people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

答案：a

巧記：平時留意含不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞的固定詞組。

九、有詞提示要用名詞復數

1.（2018年全國Ⅰ卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all________（cause）.

2.（2017年全國Ⅰ卷）...， has had some unintended side ________（effect）such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

3.（2017年全國Ⅲ卷）She has turned down several ______（invitation）to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies

4.（2016年全國Ⅰ卷）The nursery team switches him every few_____（day）with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，

答案：1. causes? 2. effects? 3 invitations? 4. days

巧記：除了some， all， several， few/a few之外，還有different， various， those， many， a lot of， lots of等，均提示我們，將所給可數名詞改為復數。盡管2019年沒考到名詞復數，但是誰能保證2020不會考呢？

對點精練

一、than前要用比較級

1. Tom is two years _____（old）than I.

2. Finally， that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______（clean）than ever.

3. He went out to hunt for food when it was ______（warm）than usual， but he could hardly find any food and soon became weak with hunger.

二、介詞by

4. I showed them I I was independent by ________（wear）strange clothes.

5. To some， happiness is _______（surround）by family and friends.

6. I heard an English song _________（sing）by a little girl when I passed by her.

三、主謂一致的be

7. At present， there _____（be）more than 50 beds of roses in the Edisto memorial gardens.

8. President Xi Jinping _____（be）a football enthusiast and previously said he wants China to win the World Cup in 15 years.

9. I， who _____（be）your teacher， will try my best to help you with your study.

10. All _____（be）here. And all _____（be）ready.

11. Doing morning exercises _____（be）good for our health.

四、不定式

12. She came into my third class ______（deliver）a call slipand there it was—a smile on her face.

13. He is the first person______（come）and the last one ______（leave）

14. Youll be less likely _______（bring）your work home.

15. As usual， he was the first ______（come）to the library.

16. Dr. Lee was very happy ________（see）his mother taking good care of at home.

五、名詞變形容詞

17. Just be _____（patience）.

18. She was surprisingly ______（help）.

19. Some think it is ________（convenience）to get in touch with others with the cell-phone...

20. It can be __________（benefit）to share your feels with someone you trust.

六、形容詞變副詞

21. It is _____（general）believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

22. Im ________（deep）sorry for what has happened.

23. The southern row in the opposite side were _____（general）used as the study， the reception room， or the man servants dwelling.

24. Given that a quarter of Japans population is _______ （current）over the age of 65， ...

七、有時態標志詞的完成時態

25. So far there _______（be）no bad news.

26. In the past two years I _______（see）him little.

27. I _____（hear）nothing from him up to now.

28. The coffee is wonderful！It doesnt taste like anything I ______（have）before.

八、固定詞組中的冠詞

29. All of _____ sudden we heard a loud explosion that shook the building.

30. Wealth is important， but as _______ matter of fact， I think， it is health that counts.

31. I had to go without breakfast this morning as I was in _____ hurry.

32. As ______ result of her mothers teaching， she never wasters any food.

九、有詞提示要用名詞復數

33. When the flood subsided（消退）two _______（ day） later， Nancy immediately went back to the highland.

34. We will be exploring different _______（approach）to gathering information.

35. Julie is one of those __________（woman）who always keep up with the latest fashions.

36. ...seeking he limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _______（painting）

37. Different-colored roses have different _______（meaning）

38. There are many interesting _______（ activity）and delicious foods.

參考答案

1. older 2. cleaner 3. warmer 4. wearing 5. being surrounded 6. being sung 7. are 8. is 9. am 10. are， is 11.is 12. to deliver 13. to come， to leave 14. to bring 15. to come 16. to see 17. patient 18. helpful 19. convenient 20. beneficial 21. generally 22. deeply 23. generally 24. currently 25. has been 26. have seen 27. have heard 28. have had 29. a 30. a 31. a 32. a 33. days 34. approaches 35. women 36. paintings 37. meanings 38. activities

后記：總結下來，2019年的語法填空題共10小題，我們就已經“提前”做了8小題，今年全國Ⅰ卷沒考定語從句和名詞復數（學生覺得很遺憾呢）而是考了名詞性從句---同位語從句。全國Ⅱ和Ⅲ卷依然考了定語從句，所以2020年，我們的高考備考除了定語從句、名詞性從句，是否還要關注狀語從句呢？

責任編輯 蔣小青