張國艷 張佳田 隋洪玉

摘要:目的? 探討糖尿病腎病大鼠動物模型建立及TNF-α干預機制。方法? 選擇 SD大鼠60只作為對象,隨機數字法分為對照組和觀察組,各30只。對照組大鼠腹腔注射檸檬酸緩沖液,觀察組在對照組基礎上采用高糖高脂飼料聯合5%葡萄糖飲水喂養,誘導胰島素抵抗,2周后腹腔注射STZ,連續注射3 d,誘發持續高糖血癥。采用酶聯免疫吸附法在建模前、建模2周、建模4周檢測觀察組大鼠血糖、尿白蛋白、肌酐水平,同時檢測兩組大鼠TNF-α水平,分析糖尿病動物模型建立及TNF-α干預機制。結果? ①對照組大鼠全身狀態良好,體質量增加,皮毛光滑亮澤,觀察組大鼠建模成功后出現多食、多飲、多尿及生長遲緩現象,成模4周后體重低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);②觀察組建模2周血糖水平(8.21±0.21)mmol/L,建模4周血糖水平(31.21±1.04)mmol/L,均高于對照組的(6.32±0.19)mmol/L、(6.74±0.24)mmol/L),差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);③觀察組建模2周TNF-α水平為(3.03±0.23)mmol/L,建模4周TNF-α水平為(12.10±1.12)mmol/L,均高于對照組的(1.64±0.58)mmol/L、(1.69±0.62)mmol/L,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論? 高糖高脂飼料聯合濃度為5%葡萄糖飲水配合小劑量STZ能建立理想的糖尿病腎病大鼠動物模型,可以明確糖尿病腎病發展伴有TNF-α炎癥因子水平升高,進一步為TNF-α干預機制研究奠定了基礎。
關鍵詞:高糖高脂飼料;STZ;糖尿病腎病;大鼠動物模型;TNF-α
中圖分類號:R587.2? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.05.030
文章編號:1006-1959(2019)05-0101-02
Abstract:Objective? To investigate the establishment of animal models of diabetic nephropathy rats and the mechanism of TNF-a intervention. Methods? 60 SD rats were selected as the subjects. The random number method was divided into control group and observation group, 30 each. Rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with citrate buffer. The observation group was fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with 5% dextrose water to induce insulin resistance. After 2 weeks, STZ was injected intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days,induced persistent hyperglycemia.The levels of blood glucose, urinary albumin and creatinine in the observation group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before modeling, 2 weeks of modeling, and 4 weeks of modeling. The levels of TNF-α in the two groups were also measured and TNF-a intervention mechanism. Results? ①The rats in the control group had good systemic condition, the body mass increased, and the fur was smooth and shiny. The rats in the observation group showed polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and growth retardation after successful modeling. After 4 weeks of modeling, the body weight was lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); ②The observation group modeling 2 weeks blood glucose level (8.21±0.21) mmol/L, modeling 4 weeks blood glucose level (31.21±1.04) mmol/L, they were higher than the control group (6.32±0.19) mmol/L, (6.74±0.24) mmol/L, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); ③The level of TNF-α in the observation group was (3.03±0.23) mmol/L for 2 weeks, and the level of TNF-α was (12.10±1.12) mmol/L for 4 weeks, which was higher than that of the control group (1.64±0.58) mmol/L, (1.69±0.62) mmol/L, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion? The high concentration of high-fat and high-fat diet combined with 5% dextrose drinking water combined with low-dose STZ can establish an ideal animal model of diabetic nephropathy in rats. It can be confirmed that the development of diabetic nephropathy is accompanied by elevated levels of TNF-a inflammatory factors, and further intervention for TNF-α. Mechanism research laid the foundation.
Key words:High-sugar and high-fat diet;STZ;Diabetic nephropathy;Rat animal model;TNF-α
糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)是臨床上高發的代謝性疾病,其并發癥多,預后差,且隨著人們生活水平的提高及生活方式的改變,發病率呈不斷上升趨勢[1]。而糖尿病腎病則是糖尿病患者中常見的合并癥之一[2],起病隱匿,緩慢進展,早期的腎臟病有關癥狀不多,增加了臨床診治難度。如果發展到末期會導致腎衰竭,且患者一旦發生腎臟損害,將會出現持續尿蛋白,嚴重者將會伴有腎功能衰竭[3,4]。目前,關于 TNF-α干預機制的研究較少,本文作者研究糖尿病腎病發病機制及TNF-α干預機制,希望為臨床治療糖尿病腎病提供新的研究方向,同時希望通過研究TNF-α干預機制可以為臨床早期診斷糖尿病腎病的檢測指標,通過多指標聯合檢測,提高診斷率。
1材料與方法
1.1實驗材料? 選擇SD大鼠60只作為對象,60只SD大鼠,體重180~220 g,平均體重(205.11±8.32)g。按照隨機數字法分為對照組和觀察組,各30只。所選動物均由哈爾濱醫科大學第二附屬醫院實驗動物中心提供,飼養時保持恒溫(20±2)℃,恒濕50%~60%,SD大鼠試驗過程中均進行常規飼養,自由攝食、飲水,光照12 h,建模前12 h禁食,本次試驗均通過醫院動物委員會批準同意。主要儀器與試劑:STZ及枸櫞酸緩沖鹽(北京泰格美科技有限公司)、大鼠胰島素試劑盒(伊普瑞斯科技有限公司)、速眠新Ⅱ注射液(醫院提供)、臺式低速離心機(湘儀離心機儀器有限公司)等。
1.2方法? 建模方法:對照組大鼠腹腔注射檸檬酸緩沖液(25 mg/kg),觀察組同對照組,進行常規飼養[5]。觀察組采用高糖高脂飼料聯合5%葡萄糖飲水喂養,誘導胰島素抵抗,2周后根據30 mg/kg劑量腹腔注射STZ,連續注射3 d,誘發持續高糖血癥,連續觀察6周。采用酶聯免疫吸附試驗測定2組大鼠TNF-α水平,分析糖尿病動物模型建立及TNF-α干預機制。同時采用酶聯免疫吸附法建模前、建模2周、建模4周分別檢測血糖、尿白蛋白、肌酐水平。
1.3統計學分析? 本次實驗數據采用SPSS18.0軟件處理,計數資料采用[n(%)]表示,行?字2檢驗,計量資料采用(x±s)表示,行t檢驗, P<0.05表示差異有統計學意義。
2結果
2.1 兩組大鼠一般情況比較? 對照組大鼠由于未參加建模,大鼠全身狀態良好,體質量增加,皮毛光滑亮澤;但是觀察組大鼠建模成功后出現多食、多飲、多尿及生長遲緩現象。成模4周后觀察組大鼠體重值低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),見圖1。
2.2兩組大鼠各時間點血糖水平比較? 建模前觀察組與對照組血糖水平對比,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);建模2周、4周后觀察組血糖水平均高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.3兩組大鼠不同時間點TNF-α水平比較? 建模前觀察組與對照組TNF-α水平對比,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);建模2周、4周后觀察組TNF-α水平水平均高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表2。
3討論
糖尿病腎病是糖尿病患者中常見的微血管并發癥之一,也是糖尿病患者殘疾與死亡的重要原因。為了盡早明確DN診斷,早期確診并制定有效的措施干預對降低糖尿病的殘疾率具有重要意義。
臨床對糖尿病腎臟疾病患者檢測INF-α水平變化,可以觀察腎小球初期的損害情況,并可明確腎小球屏障、過濾等功能情況。本文研究結果顯示,建模2周、4周后觀察組血糖水平均高于對照組(P<0.05);建模2周、4周后觀察組TNF-α水平均高于對照組(P<0.05)。由此可見,大鼠建模成功后TNF-α水平升高,TNF-α可能直接參與大鼠糖尿病腎病的發生、發展,加強TNF-α水平測定能評估大鼠疾病嚴重程度,有助于指導臨床治療。
綜上所述,高糖高脂飼料聯合濃度為5%葡萄糖飲水配合小劑量STZ能建立理想的糖尿病腎病大鼠動物模型,且可驗證糖尿病腎病發展過程中伴有TNF-α炎癥因子水平升高,能用于糖尿病腎病早期動物模型的研究,且可作為臨床診斷指標。
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收稿日期:2018-12-22;修回日期:2018-1-9
編輯/成森