基于移動(dòng)激光掃描數(shù)據(jù)的建筑物精細(xì)化建模研究

李小梅 李國(guó)柱

摘 ?要： 隨著“數(shù)字城市”的發(fā)展，各行各業(yè)對(duì)空間數(shù)據(jù)需求不斷增高，三維建模是“數(shù)字城市”的重要組成部分，傳統(tǒng)的建筑物三維建模方法耗時(shí)耗力、精度低、采用接觸式測(cè)量，這種采集方法和數(shù)據(jù)處理方式已不能滿(mǎn)足數(shù)字化的需要。移動(dòng)激光掃描技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，改變了傳統(tǒng)的的數(shù)據(jù)采集方式，為空間三維信息的獲取提供了全新的技術(shù)手段。通過(guò)移動(dòng)激光掃描技術(shù)獲取的空間點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)，可以建立結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)綜和不規(guī)則場(chǎng)景的建筑物模型。鑒于傳統(tǒng)方法的不足和移動(dòng)激光掃描技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)，提出移動(dòng)掃描技術(shù)三維建模的方法，以云南師范大學(xué)商學(xué)院的激光掃描為例，首先通過(guò)將獲取的點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)的配準(zhǔn)、拼接、降噪、POS解算、IE解算和點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)融合，然后進(jìn)行精細(xì)三維建模。

關(guān)鍵詞： 移動(dòng)激光掃描技術(shù);點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù);三維建模

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)： TP 3 ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A ? ?DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2019.08.038

本文著錄格式：李小梅，李國(guó)柱. 基于移動(dòng)激光掃描數(shù)據(jù)的建筑物精細(xì)化建模研究[J]. 軟件，2019，40（8）：163167+180

【Abstract】： With the construction of spatial data requirements in all walks of life in the digital city information era， urban 3D modeling is an important part of “digital city”. Traditional data acquisition methods and data processing modes can no longer meet the needs of digital informationization. The traditional building 3D modeling method is time-consuming and labor-intensive， has low precision， uses contact measurement， and can only obtain a small number of feature points and linear data of the building. The emergence of Mobile Laser Scanning （MLS） technology has changed the way of data collection and provided a new technical means for the acquisition of spatial three-dimensional information. Using the spatial point cloud data acquired by the mobile laser scanning technology， a three-dimensional model of a complex and irregular scene can be quickly established， and any distance， area， and volume measurement results can be quickly obtained. This paper proposes a method for 3D modeling using MLS data. Taking the laser scanning of the Business School of Yunnan Normal University as an example， through the registration， splicing， noise reduction， POS solution， IE solution and point cloud of point cloud data. Research on data processing technologies such as data fusion to solve the fine modeling using laser scanning technology. Building modeling accuracy using mobile laser scanning measurement methods to collect point cloud data is superior to traditional measurement methods. The research results can be applied to the restoration of cultural relics such as ancient buildings， deformation monitoring， virtual reproduction and so on.

【Key words】： MLS; Point cloud data; 3D modeling

0 ?引言

在全球數(shù)字化的時(shí)代，建筑物三維模型[1]在城市規(guī)劃、城市管理以及重現(xiàn)等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著重要作用。建筑物三維建模的傳統(tǒng)做法是采用人工測(cè)量技術(shù)，通過(guò)全站儀測(cè)量二維地形，并采集建筑物特征點(diǎn)高

程數(shù)據(jù)，根據(jù)CAD底圖和高程數(shù)據(jù)在3ds Max中進(jìn)行建模和貼圖來(lái)制作三維模型。費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力，對(duì)建筑模型數(shù)量多且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的數(shù)字城市工程并不適用。激光掃描（Laser Scanning）[2]是獲取空間信息的全新手段，相比傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量技術(shù)而言，激光測(cè)量技術(shù)算是一種新時(shí)勢(shì)的測(cè)量技術(shù)。就光源的特性來(lái)講，激光具有方向強(qiáng)、高亮度與良好的相干性等特點(diǎn)。就測(cè)量本身而言，激光掃描技術(shù)不受天氣和霧霾能以非接觸的方式釆集物體的空間信息。