游蘭 戴振芬 蘇莉

【摘要】 目的:分析Akt通路在滋養細胞增殖中的調控機制。方法:體外培養滋養細胞,應用MMT檢測不同濃度表皮生長因子處理滋養細胞增殖的情況。流式細胞技術檢測不同濃度表皮生長因子處理滋養細胞的凋亡情況。使用Akt通路抑制劑LY294002處理后,檢測不同組別的滋養細胞增殖情況。結果:不使用LY294002,干預組細胞增殖高于對照組,干預組2細胞增殖高于干預組1;使用LY294002,細胞增殖被抑制,干預組細胞增殖高于對照組,干預組2細胞增殖高于干預組1(P<0.05)。不使用LY294002,干預組細胞凋亡低于對照組,干預組2細胞凋亡低于干預組1;使用LY294002,細胞凋亡得以促進,干預組細胞凋亡均小于對照組,干預組2細胞凋亡低于干預組1(P<0.05)。結論:表皮生長因子可激活Akt通路促進滋養細胞的增殖,降低滋養細胞的凋亡。Akt通路抑制劑能阻斷表皮生長因子促進滋養細胞的增殖。
【關鍵詞】 滋養細胞; Akt; 增殖; 調控; 表皮生長因子
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.23.075 文獻標識碼 B 文章編號 1674-6805(2019)23-0-02
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the regulatory mechanism of Akt pathway in trophoblast cell proliferation.Method:Trophoblasts cells were cultured in vitro.MTT was used to detect the proliferation of trophoblast cells treated with epidermal growth factor at different concentrations.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of trophoblast cells treated with different concentrations of epidermal growth factor.Proliferation of trophoblast cells in different groups was detected after treatment with Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002.Result:Without LY294002,the cell proliferation of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and the cell proliferation of the intervention group 2 was higher than that of the intervention group 1.With LY294002,cell proliferation was inhibited.The cell proliferation of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and the cell proliferation of the intervention group 2 was higher than that of the intervention group 1.Without LY294002,the apoptosis of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group,and that of the intervention group 2 was lower than that of the intervention group 1.With LY294002,apoptosis was promoted.The apoptosis of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group,and that of the intervention group 2 was lower than that of the intervention group 1(P<0.05).Conclusion:Epidermal growth factor can activate the Akt pathway to promote the proliferation of trophoblast cells and reduce the apoptosis of trophoblast cells.Akt pathway inhibitors can block epidermal growth factor from promoting trophoblast cell proliferation.
【Key words】 Trophoblast cell; Akt; Proliferation; Regulation; Epidermal growth factor
First-authors address:CITIC Huizhou Hospital,Huizhou 516006,China
滋養細胞是胎盤的主要成分,正常增殖是胎盤著床的必要條件[1]。當增殖異常時,滋養細胞侵襲能力下降,容易導致流產和宮內生長受限[2]。研究表明,滋養細胞增殖受時間和空間的調控,主要依賴于信號通路傳遞信息。研究發現Akt通路可能與滋養細胞增殖有關[3]。但具體機制尚不清楚。為了分析Akt通路在滋養細胞增殖中的調控機制,在體外培養滋養細胞進行研究。
1 材料與方法
1.1 一般材料
選擇人細胞外滋養細胞,使用無血清培養基培養細胞。主要儀器:美國BD公司生產的流式細胞儀,英國UVP公司生產的成像分析系統。
1.2 研究方法
首先進行細胞培養:將細胞接種于培養瓶中,使用新生牛血清的培養基進行培養。細胞融合后用胰蛋白酶消化,洗滌后進行傳代。細胞接種于96孔板,使用無血清培養基進行培養。采用四甲基偶氮唑藍MMT顯示轉染后細胞的增殖情況,干預組1、2無血清培養基中分別加入表皮生長因子50、100 ng/ml作用24 h(干預組1、干預組2)。對照組不加表皮生長因子。檢測各組吸光光度值。流式細胞技術檢測滋養細胞凋亡情況,將LY294002加入三組中作用24 h,觀察每個培養基中的凋亡及增殖情況[4]。
1.3 統計學處理
本研究數據采用SPSS 20.0統計學軟件進行分析和處理,計量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗,計數資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
不使用LY294002,干預組細胞增殖高于對照組,干預組2細胞增殖高于干預組1;使用LY294002,細胞增殖被抑制,干預組細胞增殖高于對照組,干預組2細胞增殖高于干預組1(P<0.05)。不使用LY294002,干預組細胞凋亡低于對照組,干預組2細胞凋亡低于干預組1;使用LY294002,細胞凋亡得以促進,干預組細胞凋亡小于對照組,干預組2細胞凋亡小于干預組1(P<0.05),見表1。
3 討論
在胎盤的發育過程中,滋養細胞呈現高度增殖的特征[5-6]。滋養細胞同時也表現出惡性的特征,高度增殖,細胞間的黏附減少,能夠遷移、侵蝕入胎盤,有利于胚胎的發育[7]。但是當滋養細胞功能不良時,常常引起流產、胎兒生長發育受限等[8]。當滋養細胞異常增殖時,會發生絨癌[9]。滋養細胞的增殖需要許多生長因子的調控,通過信號轉導調控滋養細胞增殖。近來許多研究表明生長因子表達于胎盤母體界面,對胎盤發育有重要的作用[10]。在胎盤發育的過程中,需要大量滋養細胞的存在,如果影響促進滋養細胞增殖的信號轉導通路,則功能將會發生變化[11]。
本研究發現使用LY294002,細胞增殖被抑制。表皮生長因子可活化滋養細胞Alt通路,促進滋養細胞增殖,抑制滋養細胞凋亡。用LY294002逆轉表皮生長因子促進滋養細胞增殖的效應。Akt通路是經典的信號通路,與細胞增殖有關,對促進細胞的生長非常重要[12]。Akt通路可能與PI3K有關[13]。PI3K是一種促肌醇環第3位羥基磷酸化的磷脂酰肌酸激酶,具有絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶活性[14]。與磷酸化氨基酸殘基的生長因子受體相互作用,引起二聚體構象改變,激活后的PI3K可以使磷酸肌醇磷酸化,催化PI3,4-P2。作為第二信使介導PI3K的功能,通過與Akt的PH區結合激活Akt。Akt是一種絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,導致Akt從胞漿轉至細胞質膜,并促進Ser473和Thr308磷酸,激活Akt并通過誘導各種抗凋亡基因表達或通過信號轉導抑制細胞凋亡[15]。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-07) (本文編輯:桑茹南)