被動語態主動語態 變被動語態的方法

1. 基本方法

將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語，將主動謂語變為被動謂語（be+過去分詞），將主動語態的主語變為by短語（在被動句中用作狀語）：He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.

【注】（1）若不強調動詞執行者，被動語態中的by短語通常可以省略：

The house was built in 1978. 這座房子是1978年建的。

（2） 在轉變語態時，要注意保持兩種語態時態的一致性：

The students will study the problem.

→The problem will be studied by the students.

A friend of ours is repairing the roof.

→The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours.

2. 雙賓動詞的被動語態

雙賓動詞即指帶雙賓語的動詞，它們在變為被動語態時，有以下兩種情形值得注意：

（1） 有些雙賓動詞（如award， buy， give， leave， lend， offer， pay， show， teach， tell等）在變為被動語態時，既可把間接賓語（指人）變為被動語態的主語，而把直接賓語（指事物）保留下來（稱為保留賓語），也可把直接賓語（指事物）變為被動語態的主語，而把間接賓語改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語（到底用to還是for，與所搭配的動詞有關）。

比較：

He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to her.

He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一快表。

→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.

（2） 有些雙賓動詞（如bring， do， make， pass， sell， send， sing， write等）通常用直接賓語（指事物）作被動語態的主語，而將間接賓語用作保留賓語（其前根據情況用介詞to或for）：

Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me.

He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her.

（3） 有些雙賓動詞（如answer， deny， envy， refuse， save， spare等）通常用間接賓語（指人）作被動語態的主語，而將直接賓語用作保留賓語：

He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

3. 含有情態動詞的被動形式

若主動語態中謂語含有情態動詞，在相應的被動語態中通常應保留該情態動詞，其結構為“情態動詞+be（或be的適當時態形式）+過去分詞”：

Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.

請看以下帶情態動詞被動句實例：

This cant be done in a short time. 這不是短期內可以完成的。

She may have been sent to work elsewhere. 她可能被派到別處工作去了。

The door must have been locked by my wife. 門一定是我妻子鎖的。

The environment should be improved. 環境應當改善。

The second point neednt be discussed today. 第二點今天不必討論。

他們全都淹死了

The great painter was asked， one day to paint a picture of Pharaoh crossing the Red Sea. A little while after the picture had been commenced， a hitch arose over the fee， and Hogarth found that he would have to complete the commission for about half the sum he expected. When the work was completed， the patron was asked to come and inspect it. As a matter of fact， the picture was just one daub of brilliant red. Whats this？ exclaimed the purchaser. I asked for the Red Sea， on the occasion of the celebrated passage. Thats it， replied Hogarth. But， where are the Israelites？ They are all gone over. Where are the Egyptians？ Theyre all drowned.

一天，有人請這位偉大的畫家畫一幅法老王渡紅海圖。這幅畫剛開始不久，酬金就出現了問題。霍迪斯發現，完成這幅畫后，他只能得到他想要的大約一半的錢。當作品完成之后，那位主顧被請來看畫。其實，這幅畫不過是胡亂涂抹的一片鮮紅。這是什么？那位買主喊了起來。我要的是紅海，是那次著名的航海。這就是，霍迦斯回答說。可是以色列人在哪兒？他們都已經渡過去了。埃及人在哪兒？他們全都淹死了。