仁川國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)2號(hào)航站樓，仁川，韓國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Gensler，熙林建筑事務(wù)所，慕雨建筑工程公司

Architects: Gensler, Heerim Architects & Planners, Mooyoung Architects & Engineers

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仁川2 號(hào)航站樓為2018 年平昌冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)而建，建筑面積達(dá)約650,321m2（700 萬ft2），旨在建造一座超越目前所有國(guó)際旅行優(yōu)質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的航站樓。Gensler 攜手熙林建筑事務(wù)所，由內(nèi)而外打造了一座為旅客帶來平靜、清新、娛樂和刺激的建筑，同時(shí)也鼓勵(lì)著人們?nèi)谌腠n國(guó)文化。

在整體形態(tài)上，航站樓形式的靈感來源于交織的鳳凰翅膀。在神話中，這種鳥以繁榮和長(zhǎng)壽聞名——體現(xiàn)了大韓民國(guó)作為一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)不僅其重要性與日俱增，而且在文化、傳統(tǒng)和藝術(shù)方面也根基穩(wěn)固。該翼型屋頂?shù)男问綒w功于結(jié)構(gòu)效能以及神話中鳳凰的文化意象。

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)通過翅膀和羽毛等感性結(jié)構(gòu)來構(gòu)思設(shè)計(jì)概念。借助一系列巨大的放射狀拱形結(jié)構(gòu)，航站樓售票大廳的“羽毛”屋頂被設(shè)計(jì)成跨度近170m 的無支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)又形成一個(gè)采光充足的明亮空間。

整座T2 航站樓設(shè)有72 個(gè)登機(jī)口，在完工后可為大韓航空的6000 萬名乘客提供服務(wù)。航站樓的設(shè)計(jì)通過自助服務(wù)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新（機(jī)器人行李服務(wù)和虛擬行李旅程）對(duì)旅客和員工一視同仁，從宏偉的空間到怡人的花園，空間既宏偉又親切、巧妙又令人敬畏。通過豐富的天窗和太陽能電池板，Gensler滿足了客戶明確要求的建筑能耗和廢棄物的設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化，以加強(qiáng)這類電氣照明建筑的最大效能。

考慮到旅客換乘的連通性，機(jī)場(chǎng)設(shè)有公交、汽車、出租車或火車等入口，并減少了乘客在中轉(zhuǎn)航班之間的換乘連接，同時(shí)提供了一個(gè)巧妙的寬敞社區(qū)供游客探索。旅客進(jìn)入高聳的空間后，精品大道、公園、休息區(qū)、游樂區(qū)以及種有植物與樹木的陽光空間相繼映入眼簾。頂級(jí)零售、餐飲、娛樂設(shè)施也遍布整個(gè)空間。屋頂?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)形狀被設(shè)計(jì)成大跨度，從而減少了柱子的使用，通過過濾陽光又讓建筑在白天減少電燈的使用。

在采光柔和的寬敞空間里，5 種不同的活動(dòng)狀態(tài)定義了乘客的體驗(yàn)：來往、等候、娛樂、購(gòu)物和休憩。該設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合了規(guī)劃和室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)元素，在每種活動(dòng)類別里打造特色項(xiàng)目，例如：餐館和商店可迎合最成熟的消費(fèi)期望。偌大的花園為游客提供音樂表演的舞臺(tái)，而鳥舍則向游客介紹當(dāng)?shù)氐膭?dòng)植物。藝術(shù)展覽可讓游客深入了解韓國(guó)。戶外觀察區(qū)方便非旅客人士體驗(yàn)飛機(jī)停機(jī)坪，享用午餐或咖啡。這一室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)可視為一系列的立體模型，特別迎合了旅行者在旅途中的特定需求。

機(jī)場(chǎng)可變身為城市而非建筑嗎?

Gensler 的設(shè)計(jì)師們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)仁川國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)2 號(hào)航站樓時(shí)，提出了如下問題：如何才能把一座大型機(jī)場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)得更像一個(gè)社區(qū)，而不僅僅是停機(jī)場(chǎng)旁的購(gòu)物中心？我們?cè)撊绾卧趽肀Ъ夹g(shù)創(chuàng)新的同時(shí)展現(xiàn)韓國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化？我們?nèi)绾谓Y(jié)合健康體驗(yàn)來擴(kuò)充零售與餐飲的典型組合？機(jī)場(chǎng)能否既展示文化和藝術(shù)，又體現(xiàn)商業(yè)及效率？

像城市一樣規(guī)劃：景點(diǎn)

通常情況下，旅客在機(jī)場(chǎng)的等候區(qū)、零售區(qū)和出入口之間流動(dòng)，而仁川機(jī)場(chǎng)卻添加了另一個(gè)維度：文化沉浸式景點(diǎn)和自然體驗(yàn)區(qū)。這些交流區(qū)域讓乘客置身于藝術(shù)、文化、音樂中，領(lǐng)略韓國(guó)的自然美景。T2 提供博物館、表演區(qū)、獨(dú)特的就餐體驗(yàn)、娛樂及水療、冥想和健身場(chǎng)所，打造了一系列遠(yuǎn)勝典型精品零售的設(shè)施與體驗(yàn)。Gensler 在設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)還考慮到了健康需求，為旅客和機(jī)場(chǎng)工作人員提供充足的空間以避免擁擠，還使他們有機(jī)會(huì)接觸自然和陽光。休息區(qū)域可供人們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)時(shí)間逗留期間小睡片刻，機(jī)場(chǎng)藥房為旅客提供醫(yī)療專業(yè)知識(shí)。熱成像攝影儀會(huì)對(duì)到達(dá)的乘客進(jìn)行掃描，降低疫病傳染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

文化反映：詮釋山村

如同許多其他文化一樣，自然、人、神話和日常生活之間的關(guān)系可以從韓國(guó)的山水畫中聞一知十。在韓國(guó)，此類畫作基于人們對(duì)山川的詮釋，描繪的往往是夢(mèng)幻般的理想化山脈——通常繪有田園村落、池畔寺廟、瀑布及其山腳下的湖泊或河流。我們深受這些繪畫的啟發(fā)，將2 號(hào)航站樓的室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)與比喻意義中的山川聯(lián)系起來，共分4 種不同層次：云層、村莊層、田園村落層和地基層。這個(gè)概念“地圖”限定了每一層所使用的材料的顏色、紋理和位置，它也成為了藝術(shù)作品和家具設(shè)計(jì)的背景板。Gensler 與熙林一起，將傳統(tǒng)山水畫的影響、鳳凰的神話傳說，與最新的技術(shù)和空乘設(shè)施結(jié)合在一起，其結(jié)果是豐富的傳統(tǒng)、技術(shù)、健康和文化體驗(yàn)。（王單單 譯）

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1 入口/Entrance

2 平面構(gòu)型/Conf iguration

Newly opened for the 2018 Pyeong Chang Winter Olympics, Incheon Terminal 2 (T2) is designed to surpass all current standards of excellence for international travel in a massive 7 million square foot of building area. Conceived from the inside out, Gensler, the collaborating design architect in association with Heerim Architects, created a building that calms, refreshes, entertains, and excites passengers while encouraging them to engage with Korean culture.

In overall form, the terminal form interprets the intertwined wings of a phoenix, the bird known in mythology for prosperity, and longevity. It speaks to the Republic of Korea's growing importance as an economic powerhouse, while maintaining a firm foundation in the culture, traditions, and arts. The winged roof owes its form to both structural efficiency and culturally significant symbol of the mythical phoenix.

Gensler approached the architecture by studying and creating the structure of wings and feathers. By exploring a series of massive, radial arches, the "feathered" roof of the terminal ticketing hall was created to span nearly 170 metres unobstructed, flexible space while allowing for a luminous, daylit space.

The entire T2 complex will serve 60 million passengers of Korean Airlines with 72 gates. Designed to greet visitors with self-service and technological innovations (robotic baggage concierge and virtual baggage ride experience), the design treats visitors and employees alike to spaces that are grand as well as intimate, artful as well as awe-inspiring; from soaring spaces to intimate gardens. Gensler met the clientspecified design optimisation to building and waste by including abundant skylights and solar panels to augment the largest utility draw for this type of building, which is electrical lighting.

Designed with passenger connectivity in mind, this airport has points of entry by bus, car, taxi, or train and reduces passenger connections between transfer flights while providing a spacious, artful community to explore. Once inside, the soaring space features boutique avenues, parks, lounges, and play areas with sunlit spaces that harbour plants and trees. Top tier retail, dining, and entertainment amenities are also present throughout the space. The structural shapes of the roof are designed to span over great distances reducing columns, to filter sunlight allowing the building to operate with fewer electric lights as well as to create a feeling of being outdoors.

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3 托運(yùn)大廳/Check-in lobby

Within the vast, gently daylit spaces, 5 distinct activities def ine the passenger experience: Circulating, Processing, Recreating, Shopping, and Lounging. The design incorporates planning and interior design elements to create signature events in each category of events. For instance, restaurants and stores cater to the expectations of the most sophisticated consumers. Gardens entertain travellers with a stage for musical performances. Art, museum exhibits and gamerooms educate and entertain travellers of all ages to learn more about Korea. The interior design is a series of dioramas which cater specif ically to the needs of a traveller at a specif ic point in their journey.

Can an Airport Be Designed as a City Rather than a Building?

When designing the new T2 at Incheon International Airport, Gensler designers asked: How can a large airport be designed more like a community, rather than simply a shopping mall with aircraft parked next to it? How would we design to ref lect Korean traditions while embracing technological innovations? How do we incorporate health to augment the typical mix of retail and dining? Can an airport express culture and art as well as commerce and efficiency?

Plan It Like a City: Destinations

Typically, an airport circulates passengers between processing areas, retail, and points of entry and exit. Incheon adds another dimension: cultural immersion destinations and areas to experience nature. These areas of exchange allow passengers to remove themselves in art, culture, music and sample the natural splendour of Korea. Creating a series of amenities and experience far beyond typical boutique retail, T2 includes museums, performance areas, distinct dining experiences, entertainment and spa, meditation and exercise. Gensler considers health and wellness when designing airports, such as providing ample space to avoid congestion, providing access to nature and sunlight, to support both travelers and airport workers alike. Rest areas allow for napping between long layovers, and onsite pharmacies provide medical expertise for the community. Thermal cameras screen arriving

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4 剖面/Section

5 剖面概念/Concept of section

6.7 大跨空間/Space without columns passengers to reduce the risk of infecting others.

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Ref lect the Culture: Interpreting the Mountain

Village

In Korea, as in many other cultures, the relationship between nature, man, mythology, and daily life can be informed from looking at traditional landscape paintings. In Korea, these paintings often depict dreamy, idealised mountains based upon interpretations of Korean mountain ranges. They are often depicted with villages with gardens, temples with pools, and waterfalls served by lakes or rivers at the base of mountain. Inspired by these paintings, we relate the interior design of T2 to a metaphorical mountain with four distinct levels: the Cloud Layer, the Village Layer, the Village Garden Layer, and the Foundation or Base Layer. This conceptual "map" dictates the colour, texture, and placemnt of the materials used on each floor. It also became the storyboard for placement of art pieces and the design of furniture and cabinetry. Gensler + Heerim combined the influences of traditional landscape painting, the mythology of the korean phoenix, and the most innovative technologies and passenger amenities. The result is an experience rich in tradition, technology, health and wellness and culture.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 仁川國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)公司/Incheon International Airport Corporation

主持建筑師/Principal Architect & Design Director: Terence Young

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Principal-In-Charge: Keith Thompson

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Andy Cohen, Patti Deckett, Rob Jernigan, Keith Thompson, Young Lee, Kap Malik, David Epstein, Terence Young, Mason Lee, Nuper Sinha

合作/Collaborators

主持建筑設(shè)計(jì)及施工圖設(shè)計(jì)/Lead Architect and Architect of Record: Heerim Architects & Planners

合作建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Collaborating Design Architect: Gensler

聯(lián)合體/Consortium Member: Mooyoung Architects & Engineers

聯(lián)合體/Consortium Member: Yungdo Engineering

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Design: Dongyang Engineering & Construction Corporation, Hugh Dutton Associés, Thornton Tomasetti, JunWoo Structure

施工圖設(shè)計(jì)/Architect of Record: Heerim Architects & Planners

顧問/Consultants

機(jī)械工程/Mechanical: WooWon, Hanil Mech

電氣工程/Electrical: Heerim Architects & Planners, Dae IL Electric Industry Co., Ltd.

土木工程/Civil: DukSung Alpha

景觀工程/Landscape: Heerim Architects & Planners

計(jì)算機(jī)/IT: Heerim Architects & Planners

消防/Fire: Yungdo Engineering

可持續(xù)/Sustainable: Heerim Architects & Planners

交通接駁/Transportation (IAT): Lea + Elliott

行李系統(tǒng)/Baggage Handling System: BNP Associates

銷售/Concession: SAP Group

室內(nèi)/Interior: Heerim Architects & Planners

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 217,500m2

總建筑面積/Gross Area: 385,000m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2012.01-2018.01

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2018.01

攝影/Photos: Wansoon Park

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評(píng)論

譚奔：仁川國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)2 號(hào)航站樓從設(shè)計(jì)上似乎嘗試著對(duì)航站樓這一特大型交通樞紐進(jìn)行功能和意義的重構(gòu)。功能上著重思考引入商業(yè)、娛樂、文化、藝術(shù)、博覽、表演、景觀等要素，結(jié)合航站樓內(nèi)的各層空間，打造一座微縮城市的綜合體巨型建筑。航站樓的意義也不再僅局限于迎來送往、快捷高效，更著眼于精細(xì)化的構(gòu)建出行目的地，留住更多的旅客在此停留與消費(fèi)，更好地展現(xiàn)韓國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。

陽旭：仁川國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)2 號(hào)航站樓有72 個(gè)登機(jī)口、設(shè)計(jì)年旅客量6000 萬人次，這樣的規(guī)模布局與國(guó)內(nèi)同等量級(jí)的航站樓相比也不遜色。其布局采用了四指廊環(huán)抱大陸側(cè)的經(jīng)典布局，與仁川T1 航站樓形成了一個(gè)中軸對(duì)稱的較為宏大的航站區(qū)布局。如此大規(guī)模的室內(nèi)空間中，如何讓旅客不至于產(chǎn)生迷失感。建筑師通過流線型的天窗、綠化和商業(yè)、小品等將整個(gè)航站樓打造成為一個(gè)個(gè)富有表現(xiàn)力的節(jié)點(diǎn)空間，使得旅客在行進(jìn)路徑中體驗(yàn)到文化、藝術(shù)和自然，能夠進(jìn)一步舒緩其旅客中的疲乏，營(yíng)造出豐富的旅行體驗(yàn)。

Comments

TAN Ben: The design of Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 seems trying to restructure the terminal building as a mega transport hub from both functional and significance perspectives. From the perspective of function, the highlights were laid upon introducing elements like commerce, entertainment, culture, art, expo, show, landscape, etc., which were integrated into the space of each floor, as a result, a micro city was built up in the giant building complex. And from the perspective of signif icance of the terminal, it is no longer limited to see the arrival and departure of passengers and provide convenient and high-efficiency services, but is more about further refined travel destinations, and the goal is to keep more passengers at the airport to increase consumption and to demonstrate traditional Korean culture. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

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YANG Xu: Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 has 72 gates and is designed to handle 60 million passengers per year, which is not inferior to China's terminals of the same magnitude. It adopted the classic configuration of four-finger pier encircled a main landside, and formed a relatively grand axisymmetric terminal layout with Incheon Terminal 1. How to keep visitors from getting lost in such a large-scale interior space? Architects turn the terminal into a series of expressive nodal spaces through streamlined skylights, greenery, commerce, and skits that allows travellers to experience culture, art and nature, and further eases their fatigue and creates a rich travel experience across the journey. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

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8 分解軸測(cè)/Axonometric drawing

9 旅客流線/Passengers circulation

10.11 精品店街/Boutique street