阿利亞皇后國際機場，安曼，約旦

建筑設計：福斯特及其合伙人事務所

Architects: Foster+Parners

阿利亞皇后國際機場延續了對機場航站樓作為建筑類型進行的實踐探索，并為環境敏感、地域適宜的機場建筑設計提出了愿景。項目作為通向安曼——世界上最古老的定居城市之一——的主要門戶，其設計與場所感和當地文化產生共鳴。策略上，該建筑物確保了安曼作為黎凡特地區主要樞紐的地位。邏輯上來看，它使機場在未來25 年中以年增長率6%的速度增長，到2030 年，年旅客量將從300 萬人次增加到1200 萬人次。

基于當地建造技藝和安曼地區夏季晝夜溫差極大的氣候特征，建筑物完全由混凝土建造，以材料的高“熱質量”性能實現了被動式環境調控。棋盤格狀的屋頂包含了一系列淺混凝土穹頂，向外延伸為立面遮陽。為實現未來的無縫擴建，每個穹頂都是模塊化單元。圓頂像沙漠棕櫚樹葉一樣從支撐柱上分支出來，而日光則通過柱節點處的分叉向機場大廳傾瀉而下。基于傳統伊斯蘭形式的幾何圖案應用在每個裸露的拱腹處，正呼應了棕櫚樹葉的紋理脈絡。

航站樓四面鑲嵌玻璃，提供了停機坪各個方向上一覽無余的視野。登機口的兩個指廊沿中央建筑兩側延伸，主體包含主加工區以及商店、休息室和餐廳。在這些體量之間設有露天庭院，采用了當地阿拉伯式建筑特征，為航站樓的環境策略做出了貢獻：植物和樹木有助于過濾污染并將空氣在被吸入處理系統之前進行預處理。為了慶祝家庭團體聚集在機場的傳統，前庭被擴大以創建一個帶有樹木庇蔭下座椅的景觀廣場，人們可以在那里聚集、告別或歡迎回程的旅客。（徐紫儀 譯）

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1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

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2 夜景/Night view

3.4 剖面/Sections

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Clients: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Ministry of Transport, Akram Abu Hamdan, Director General, Airport International Group P.S.C., Joannou & Paraskevaides (Overseas) Ltd., J&P-AVAX S.A.

建筑設計/Architects: Foster + Partners

設計團隊/Design Team: Norman Foster, Mouzhan Majidi, David Nelson, Spencer de Grey, Luke Fox, Jonathan Parr, Huw Thomas, Darron Holder, Omar Al Omari, Carol Aoun, Stefanie Arnold, Sabah Ashiq, John Ball, Susanne Bellinghausen, Yazan Bilbeisi, Marina Cisneros, Coco Cugat, Sandra Debbas, Sophie Deheegher, Tessa Derry, Gunnar Dittrich, Laura Silva Dona, Piotr Ehrenhalt, Seif El Din, Tie Fan, Andres Flores, Juan Frigerio, Michael Gentz, Sebastian Gmelin, Marta Gonzalez, Maria de la Guardia, Christopher Gresham, Katrin Hass, Ellen Haukas, Richard Hawkins, Takehiko Iseki, Siri Stromme Johansen, Alicja Kiszczuk, Anna Kowal, Oxana Krause

當地建筑設計/Local Architects: Maisam-Dar Al-Omran JV

主承建/Main Contractor: Joannou & Paraskevaides (Overseas) Ltd, J&P-AVAX S.A.

結構工程/Structural Engineer: Buro Happold

結構與機電工程/Structure and MEP: Zuhair Fayez Partnership

機場顧問/Airport Consultant: NACO

機場系統與行李處理系統/Airport Systems & BHS: ADPi

土木與景觀工程/Civil and Landscape: Dar Al-Handasah

工程測算/Quantity Surveyor: Davis Langdon

消防工程/Fire Engineer: Exova Warrington

局部氣候/Climate: Buro Happold

聲學設計/Acoustics: Rahe Kraft, Sandy Brown

照明設計/Lighting: World of Lights, iGuzzini

地毯設計/Carpet Design: Hani Rihani Huber

攝影/Photos: Nigel Young

Queen Alia International Airport continues the practice's explorations of the airport terminal as a building type and sets out a vision for an environmentally sensitive, regionally apt, airport architecture. Designed to serve as the main gateway to Amman - one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world - its design resonates with a sense of place and local culture. Strategically the building secures Amman's position as the main hub for the Levant Region. Logistically, it allows the airport to grow by 6 per cent per annum for the next twentyf ive years, increasing capacity from 3 million to 12 million passengers per annum by 2030.

In response to local building expertise and Amman's climate, where summer temperatures vary markedly between daytime and night time, the building is constructed entirely from concrete, with the high thermal mass of the material providing passive environmental control. The tessellated roof canopy comprises a series of shallow concrete domes, which extend to shade the fa?ades. To enable seamless future expansion, each dome is a modular unit. The domes branch out from the supporting columns like the leaves of a desert palm and daylight floods the concourse through split beams at the column junctions. Echoing the veins of a leaf, a geometric pattern based on traditional Islamic forms is applied to each exposed soffit.

The terminal is glazed on all sides to open up long views to the aircraft on the apron and aid orientation. Two piers of departure gates run along either side of the central building, which contains the main processing areas and shops, lounges and restaurants. Between these volumes, open-air courtyards draw on vernacular Arabic architecture and contribute to the terminal's environmental strategy: the plants and trees help to filter pollution and pre-condition the air before it is drawn into the air handling system. In celebration of the tradition for family groups to congregate at the airport, the forecourt has been enlarged to create a landscaped plaza with seating, shaded by trees, where people can gather to bid farewell or welcome returning travellers.

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5 外景/Exterior view

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6 入口/Entrance

7 托運大廳/Check-in lobby

8 行李大廳/Luggage hall

9 通道/Passage way

10 候機大廳/Waiting hall

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11-13 屋頂細部/Details of roof

評論

王亦知：從香港機場到首都機場T3，再到阿利亞皇后機場，可以看到福斯特事務所在航站樓建筑領域技術路線的一脈相承。作為首都機場設計的參與者，阿曼機場的一切看起來都是那么清晰而熟悉。然而當我們在追求結構跨度不斷增加，從36m 到72m、甚至達到180m 的時候，福斯特事務所卻以18m 跨度的混凝土柱網，以某種貴族式的優雅方式，再一次詮釋出技術的美感。混凝土的拱殼不僅呼應了當地文化，也符合當地氣候。這是一個“炫技”的作品，整個屋面建筑、結構、機電一體化的設計控制和極高的完成度，讓人不得不贊嘆福斯特團隊對于建筑控制的深厚功力。

陽旭：阿利亞皇后國際機場從規模上看并不算大，但在航站樓設計中卻有著重要的意義。作為單元式結構航站樓的典范，建筑師采取了一系列混凝土穹頂單元，看上去就像是沙漠棕櫚樹的葉子，這可以看作是對于當地貝多因人的游牧文化的隱喻，模塊化的結構形式自身也成為建筑美學表達的一部分，并通過與光線的結合營造適宜的空間氛圍，使旅客能夠觸碰到這座城市的文化脈搏。

Comments

WANG Yizhi: From Hong Kong Airport, to Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital Airport and to Queen Alia International Airport, Foster + Partners' technical approaches in terminal building area are derived from the same root. As a participant in the design of the capital's airport, everything at Amman Airport looks clear and familiar. However, while we were pursuing a continuous increase in the span of the structure, from 36 metres to 72 metres and even to 180 metres, Foster + Partners has reinterpreted the aesthetic of the technology with an 18-metre span of concrete column grids, in a kind of aristocratic elegance. Moreover, the concrete arched shell not only echoes the local culture, but also conforms to the local climate. This is a work of virtuosity. The design control and the high degree of completion for the entire roof ing, structure and mechatronics have earned Foster + Partners' team praises for its firm grasp of building design. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

YANG Xu: Queen Alia International Airport seems not large in scale but very meaningful among the terminal designs. As a model of terminal with unit structure, architects adopts a series of concrete dome units that looks like desert palm leaves, which can be regarded as a metaphor for local Bedouin people of nomadic culture. The modular structure itself has become part of the architectural aesthetics, and creates a pleasant space atmosphere through the combination with light, which makes passengers be able to touch the pulse of the city culture. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

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14 首層平面/Ground floor plan

15 二層平面/First floor plan

16 三層平面/Second floor plan