夏冰心 韓濤 胡俊



[摘要]目的:探究乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術中采用乳暈切口的美學效果及相關影響因素分析。方法:選取2017年1月-2018年3月80例乳腺纖維腺瘤患者作為研究對象,隨機數字表法分為對照組與觀察組,各40例。對照組采用傳統切除術治療,觀察組采用乳暈切口治療。術后隨訪6個月,通過乳頭情況、雙側乳房基本對稱情況、術后瘢痕情況綜合評定,比較兩組患者術后美學效果,經單因素及多因素Logistic回歸分析影響美學效果的相關危險因素。結果:觀察組患者優良率顯著高于對照組,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。患者年齡、是否肥胖、是否絕經與乳暈切口術后美學效果有關(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回歸分析顯示,年齡≥45歲、肥胖、絕經均是影響乳暈切口術后美學效果的相關危險因素(P<0.05)。結論:乳腺纖維腺瘤患者采用乳暈切口手術治療,術后乳房和乳頭整體外形及雙側對稱性良好,且無明顯瘢痕,美容效果較滿意。
[關鍵詞]乳腺纖維腺瘤;保乳術;乳暈切口;美學效果;影響因素
[中圖分類號]R737.9? ? [文獻標志碼]A? ? [文章編號]1008-6455(2020)07-0087-04
Abstract: Objective? To investigate the aesthetic effects and related influencing factors of the areola incision in breast plastic surgery. Methods? Eighty patients with breast fibroadenoma from January 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study. The random number table method was divided into control group and observation group, 40 cases each. The control group was treated with conventional resection and the observation group was treated with areola incision. After 6 months of follow-up, the urinary condition, the bilateral symmetry of the bilateral breasts, and the postoperative scar condition were comprehensively evaluated. The postoperative aesthetic effects of the two groups were compared. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors related to the aesthetic effect. Results? The excellent rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Patient age, obesity, and menopause were related to the aesthetic effect of areola incision (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that women aged ≥45 years, obese, and menopausal women were all related risk factors affecting the aesthetic effect of areola incision (P<0.05). Conclusion? The patients with breast fibroadenoma are treated with areola incision. The overall shape and bilateral symmetry of the breast and nipple are good, and there is no obvious scar. The cosmetic effect is satisfactory.
Key words: breast fibroadenoma; breast-conserving surgery; areola incision; aesthetic effect; influencing factors
乳腺纖維腺瘤是臨床較常見良性腫瘤,好發于20~30歲女性,患病初期常難被發現,常錯過最佳治療時機[1-2]。該疾病的發生與雌激素升高、卵巢功能旺盛具有密切聯系[3]。臨床常見癥狀為乳房無痛性腫塊,少數患者可出現乳房溢液、疼痛。盡管乳腺纖維腺瘤是良性腫瘤,但少數患者仍可能會發生惡變,影響乳腺正常發育,危害患者健康,因此,及時進行治療對提高患者生活質量具有重要作用[4-5]。臨床通常采用手術方法治療該疾病[6]。但傳統乳房腫瘤切除手術效果往往較差,創傷大,術后易產生瘢痕,影響雙側對稱性,在很大程度上影響患者乳腺功能,增加患者的心理負擔,影響患者家庭生活。隨著人們對美的追求越來越強烈,臨床整形醫生意識乳房整形術中美容作用具有十分重要的意義[7]。近年來,臨床新型乳房整形術有利于降低手術窗孔對乳房整體美觀程度的影響,容易被患者接受。因乳暈部的膚色較暗,且具有隱蔽、靈活、創傷區域小等優點,因此,乳暈切口在乳房整形手術中應用較廣泛。相關研究顯示,乳暈切口手術療效好、美學效果佳、術后恢復快,且并發癥發生率低[8]。為進一步證實該手術方法的美學效果。本研究選取2017年1月-2018年3月80例乳腺纖維腺瘤患者作為研究對象,旨在分析乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術中采用乳暈切口的美學效果及相關影響因素。
本研究從患者自身情況與乳暈切口治療后美學效果進行相關影響因素分析,結果顯示,年齡、肥胖、絕經情況均是影響乳暈切口術后美學效果的危險因素。張志強等[23]研究乳暈切口美容效果的影響因素,結果顯示,年齡≥45歲患者的切口美學效果較差。年齡≥45歲患者可能是由于乳房中脂肪含量增多,此類患者在接受治療后瘢痕攣縮可導致乳房明顯收縮。肥胖患者中全身及乳房中脂肪含量高,在接受手術后乳房極易發生瘢痕。相關研究顯示,絕經后女性患者術后美學效果較差,可能是與絕經后乳腺逐漸被脂肪組織所代替有關[24]。為保證美學效果,應嚴格把握手術指征,根據患者相關檢查結果對手術進行初步評估。乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術中應注意手術切除口大小,根據患者實際情況兼顧治療效果和美學效果改變切口大小,術前與患者溝通,提高患者對疾病的認知能力,科學護理減小術后瘢痕[25];通過肢體功能鍛煉,可達到乳房塑形,避免乳房塌陷,減輕乳頭移位程度。
綜上所述,乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術中采用乳暈切口術后乳房外形良好,患者滿意度高。年齡、肥胖、絕經均是影響乳暈切口術后美學效果的危險因素。
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[收稿日期]2019-11-29
本文引用格式:夏冰心,韓濤,胡俊.經乳暈切口行乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術的美學效果及相關影響因素分析[J].中國美容醫學,2020,29(7):87-90.