農業幼兒園，同奈，越南

建筑設計：武重義建筑事務所

Architects: VTN Architects (Vo Trong Nghia Architects)

1 全景/Overall view

從歷史上看，越南是一個農業國家，卻在向以制造業為基礎的經濟轉型過程中逐漸發生轉變。然而這一轉變正對環境造成負面影響：越來越多的干旱、洪水和鹽堿化讓糧食供應岌岌可危，大量的摩托車也讓城市里的每日擁堵情況及空氣污染雪上加霜。

“農業幼兒園”項目則向此類問題發出了挑戰。這座幼兒園緊鄰一家大型鞋廠，專為500名鞋廠員工的子女而設計；它被構想成一片連綿的綠色屋頂，為兒童提供食物、農耕體驗以及廣闊的空中游戲場。

綠色屋頂的三連環形狀由一筆一氣呵成勾勒而出，環內3座庭院可作為安全的游戲場。最近，該屋頂的頂部又搭建了一片實驗性菜園。200m2的農業教育園地種有5種不同的蔬菜。

所有功能均棲身于這片屋頂下：當屋頂走低至庭院時，便搖身成為通往上層及頂層菜園的通道。孩子們可在此學習農業的重要性，重歸大自然。

環境策略

該建筑由一條綿延的狹長條形體量組成，兩側均有可開啟式窗戶，最大限度地增加了通風效果和自然采光。此外，幼兒園廣泛采用了建筑節能方式與機械節能方法，包括但不限于：隔熱的綠色屋頂、遮陽的綠色立面以及太陽能熱水。這些設備位于較顯眼的位置——在兒童可持續教育中發揮著重要的作用。工廠廢水被回收用于灌溉綠地或沖馬桶。

因此，盡管地處惡劣的熱帶氣候環境，幼兒園的教室卻不設空調。根據竣工后10個月以來的使用記錄，與通常建筑性能相比，該項目節省了25%的能源與40%的淡水，大大降低了其運行成本。

成本效益

這座幼兒園專為低收入工廠員工的子女而設計，所以建筑預算十分有限。因此，該項目運用了當地材料(如磚、瓦)與低技術施工方法，同時有助于減少對環境的影響，促進了當地工業的發展。由于采用了經濟型材料的簡單而精準的結構，建筑成本僅500 USD/m2（包括裝修和設備），即使在越南市場，這樣的低價也極具競爭力。 （王單單 譯）

Vietnam historically an agricultural country is facing changes as it moves to a manufacturing based economy, taking its toll on the environment. Increased droughts, floods and salinisation jeopardise food supplies, while numerous motorbikes cause daily congestion and air pollution in the cities. Rapid urbanisation deprives Vietnamese children of green lands and playgrounds, thus relationship with nature.

Farming Kindergarten is a challenge to counter these issues. Located next to a big shoe factory, and designed for 500 children of the factory's workers,the building is conceived as a continuous green roof,providing food and agriculture experience to children,as well as an extensive playground to the sky.

The green roof is a triple-ring shape drawn with a single stroke, encircling three courtyards inside as safe playgrounds. Recently, an experimental vegetable garden was realised on its top. Five different vegetables are planted in 200 m2garden for agriculture education.

All functions are accommodated under this roof. As the roof lowers to the courtyard it provides access to the upper level and vegetable gardens on top- the place where children learn the importance of agriculture and recover connection to nature.

Environmental Strategies

The building is made of a continuous narrow strip with two side operable windows which maximise the cross ventilation and natural lighting. Additionally, architectural and mechanical energy-saving methods are comprehensively applied, including but not limited to: green roof as insulation, green fa?ade as shading and solar water heating. These devices are designed visibly and play an important role in the children's sustainable education. Factory wastewater are recycled to irrigate greenery and flush toilets.

As a result, the kindergarten is operated without air conditioners in the classrooms despite being located in a harsh tropical climate. According to post-occupancy record issued 10 months after completion, the building saves 25% of energy and 40% of fresh water compared to baseline building performance, reducing its running cost greatly.

2.3 庭院/Courtyard

Cost-efficiency

The building is designed for low-income factory workers' children, therefore construction budget is quite limited. Therefore, the combination of local materials (e.g. bricks, tiles) and low-tech construction methods are applied, which also help minimise the environmental impact as well as promote local industry. Thanks to simple rigid frame with economical materials, the construction cost is only 500 USD/m2including finishes and equipment,which is competitively cheap even within the Vietnamese market.

4 外景/Exterior view

5 首層平面/Ground floor plan

6 二層平面/First floor plan

7 環境策略/Enviroment strategies

8 屋頂/Roof

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Clients: Pou Chen Vietnam

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: 武重義，丹羽隆志，巖元真明/Vo Trong Nghia, Takashi Niwa, Masaaki Iwamoto

建筑設計/Architects: 陳氏航，大西邦子/Tran Thi Hang,Kuniko Onishi

承建/Contractor: Wind and Water House JSC

綠建顧問/Green Building Consultant: Melissa Merryweather

計算流體力學分析/CFD Analysis: Environment Simulation Inc.

用地面積/Site Area: 10,650 m2

總建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 3800 m2

首層建筑面積/Ground Floor Area: 2615.9 m2

一層建筑面積/First Floor Area: 1113.6 m2

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2013.10

攝影/Photos: Gremsy (fig.1)，大木宏之/Hiroyuki Oki (fig.2-4,9-11)，廣塵/Quang Tran (fig.8)

評論

程曉青：本方案的平面設計很好地解決了傳統幼兒園需要的室內單元式布局，并圍合出3個安全的內院供孩子們嬉戲，而剖面設計則打破了內外、上下等空間界限，帶來新鮮的環境體驗，內院、外院和屋頂連成一體，仿佛是一筆畫出來的“一片連綿的屋頂”，營造了沒有終點的游戲場。在越南溫暖濕潤的氣候下，植被生長迅速，為低成本地將屋頂作為農耕體驗場所提供了可能。設計師非常關注成本，運用通透平面、種植屋頂和立面解決自然通風、隔熱遮陽等需要，太陽能熱水和工業廢水的利用進一步保證了項目的可持續性。

傅筱：也許較為寬松的用地是郊外廠區能夠提供的唯一優勢條件，這讓農業幼兒園能夠以三環交疊的形態在場地中舒展開來，帶給兒童愉悅而且安全的戶外空間。頂部菜園是設計的重點，相比草皮，屋頂菜園造價低、易養護、能收割，在寓教于樂的同時，又抵擋了屋頂太陽輻射的熱量。建筑師充分利用菜園旁的步道出挑，為立面提供了遮陽，三環交疊處和底部架空形成較多的遮陰空間，這些策略均與越南炎熱的氣候相適宜。幼兒園以強烈對比的姿態出現在廠區一側，實際上給單調的廠區帶來了人性化的空間，大面積的屋頂菜園也為貧瘠的廠區增添不少綠意。所有看似感性的形態，其實都在情理之中。

9 外景/Exterior view

10 庭院/Courtyard

11 檐下/Under the eaves

Comments

CHENG Xiaoqing: The plane design of this scheme solved the indoor cellular layout required by traditional kindergartens and encircled three safe inner courtyards for children to play in, while the section design broke the boundary of interior and exterior, upper and lower spaces - bringing fresh experience to the environment.The inner and outer courtyards as well as the roof became one, as if it were "a continuous roof" drawn out by a single stroke, creating a never-ending playground.In Vietnam's hot and humid climate, vegetation grows rapidly, rendering it possible to use rooftops as a lowcost farming experience. The architects paid much attention to the cost and employed the transparent planted roof and fa?ade to meet the needs of natural ventilation, thermal insulation and shading. The adoption of solar hot water and industrial wastewater further ensured the sustainability of the project.(Translated by Dandan Wang)

FU Xiao: Perhaps the only advantage provided by the suburban factory is the relatively-wide land, which enables the agricultural kindergarten to stretch out here in the form of three overlapping rings, giving children a pleasant and safe outdoor space. The roof garden forms the key part of the design. Compared to grass, it is low-cost, easy to maintain, harvestable and can intertwine the amusing with the educational whilst withstanding the heat of the roof from the sun.The architects made full use of the walkway beside the garden to provide shading for the fa?ade, with more shades at the intersection of the three rings and stilts at the bottom. All these strategies are suitable for the hot climate of Vietnam. The kindergarten appears on the side of the factory with a strong contrast, which actually brings a humanised space to the dull factory area. The large area of roof garden has also added a good amount of greenery to the barren factory area.Every form that is seemingly perceptual, in fact, is rational. (Translated by Dandan Wang)