庫魯齊亞加學(xué)校修復(fù)與擴(kuò)建，杜蘭戈，西班牙

建筑設(shè)計：ELE建筑事務(wù)所，蘭迪亞建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: ELE Arkitektura, LANDIA Arkitektura

競賽內(nèi)容

本次競賽的內(nèi)容包括學(xué)前幼兒園建筑的積極重建與編程式改造，使其滿足正在實施的新教學(xué)方式。

原建筑建于1974年，由建筑師阿雷查瓦萊塔和烏里亞特設(shè)計，其朝東的大型線性天窗以階梯式體量排列。內(nèi)部空間由雙層通高的大型中廳以及東翼（1層）與西翼（2層）的多間45m2教室組成。該建筑雖具有巨大的建筑價值，但由于空間太過分散而無法適用于新的教學(xué)系統(tǒng)，而熱舒適度與聲學(xué)舒適度的問題也愈加明顯。因此，該項目須將大型的開放式多功能空間與傳統(tǒng)的教室相結(jié)合，以滿足強(qiáng)制教育法的需求（ 50m2的教室容納25名學(xué)生等）。

項目詳情

該項目應(yīng)用了一些多功能構(gòu)件，以其安放位置與自身特點構(gòu)造并劃分空間，滿足了各個區(qū)域的具體要求。每個元素均可被視為一件多功能家具，固定的玻璃隔墻搖身變?yōu)槊總€學(xué)生的儲物柜，架子可以充當(dāng)櫥柜，工作區(qū)/衛(wèi)生間可容納8塊移動隔斷以實現(xiàn)多種空間配置。在材料選擇上，由層積松木與樺木膠合板制成的構(gòu)件被插入大型的白色中性容器內(nèi)。該項目盡可能多地引入自然光線，營造出充滿安全感且寧靜的空間氛圍。 （王單單 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: 西班牙巴斯克自治區(qū)比斯開省杜蘭戈/Durango, Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain

客戶/Clients: 庫魯齊亞加學(xué)校/Kurutziaga Ikastola

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: 愛德華多·蘭迪亞·歐爾馬契亞，赫蘇斯·安赫爾·蘭迪亞·烏里韋/Eduardo Landia Ormaetxea, Jesus Angel Landia Uribe

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊/Design Team: 埃洛伊·蘭迪亞·歐爾馬契亞/Eloi Landia Ormaetxea

基底面積/Built Area: 2000 m2

施工時間/Completion Time: 2018

攝影/Photos: 埃托爾·埃斯特韋斯/Aitor Estevez

1 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: 埃托爾·埃斯特韋斯/Aitor Estevez）

2 內(nèi)景/Interior view（攝影/Photo: 埃托爾·埃斯特韋斯/Aitor Estevez）

Competition

The contest consisted of energetically rehabilitating and programmatically reorganising the preschool building, in order to adapt it to the new pedagogical method that is being implanted in the centre.

The original building of 1974 by architects Arechavaleta and Uriarte, is composed of large linear skylights oriented to the east and organised in a stepped volume. The interior space was structured by a large central nave in double height and several classrooms of 45 m2in the east wing (1 storey)and west wing (2 storeys). The building, of great architectural value, was too compartmentalised to adapt to the new pedagogical system and presented problems of thermal and acoustic comfort. The project had to combine the creation of big open multifunctional spaces, with classic classrooms that responded to the demands imposed by the enforced education laws (1 classroom for every 25 students,50 m2classrooms ...).

Project

The intervention consisted of designing some multifunctional objects, which, due to their placement and the elements they incorporate, are able to structure and divide the space, satisfying specific requirements in each area. Each element has been treated as a piece of furniture capable of incorporating several functional responses.In this way, the fixed divisions, composed of see through screens, turn into the lockers of each student. The stands are at the same time cupboards. The workshop/toilet serves as support for 8 mobile partitions that allow dozens of spatial configurations. The material strategy consisted in the creation of a large neutral and white container where the objects made of laminated pine wood and birch plywood are inserted. An atmosphere that optimises natural lighting and the feeling of shelter and tranquility has been sought.

3.4 外景/Exterior views（攝影/Photos: 埃托爾·埃斯特韋斯/Aitor Estevez）

5 軸測/Axonometric drawing

6 剖面/Section

7-9 改造前/Before reconstruction（ELE建筑事務(wù)所供圖/Courtesy of ELE Arkitektura）

10-12 改造后/After reconstruction（攝影/Photos: 埃托爾·埃斯特韋斯/Aitor Estevez）

評論

傅筱：改造的幼兒園通常戶外場地較為緊張，室內(nèi)將成為兒童活動的主要樂園。建筑空間沒有多余的語言，所有的表達(dá)都是圍繞空間利用和光線獲得這兩個問題展開。原有建筑室內(nèi)空間并不富余，分班與合班是幼兒園活動的常態(tài)，建筑師使用了八塊移動隔斷來滿足這樣的空間配置需求。充足的光線對于幼兒園空間設(shè)計是首要的，建筑師改變了原有空間封閉的墻體分隔，盡可能地采用了通透的玻璃，甚至門都盡量采用了通透的材料，內(nèi)部空間的色彩很淺，以更多地漫射光線，結(jié)合移動隔斷的使用，很好地建筑將鋸齒天窗投射的陽光利用最大化。

馬笑漪：這個項目成功地將一個陳舊的現(xiàn)代主義建筑改造成為開放、靈活、多元化的幼兒教育空間。設(shè)計師首先拆掉教室與封閉空間的實墻面，替換為玻璃隔斷，同時完好地利用屋頂?shù)母邆?cè)窗采光，奠定了陽光明媚的室內(nèi)環(huán)境基調(diào)。多種木材質(zhì)配合白色地坪的運用不僅創(chuàng)造了安寧的氛圍，而且確保了良好的聲環(huán)境。固定家具、隔段等室內(nèi)建筑元素都設(shè)計成為可使用的多功能構(gòu)件，為多種空間布局提供了可能性。

13-18 可變的室內(nèi)空間/Changeable inner space

19 內(nèi)景/Interior view

（13-19 攝影/Photos: 埃托爾·埃斯特韋斯/Aitor Estevez）

Comments

FU Xiao: The reconstructed kindergarten usually has a compact outdoor space, and the indoor space therefore becomes the main play area for children's activities. There is no excessive architectural language in the building space. All the expressions revolve around the two subjects of space utilisation and light obtainment. The interior space of the original building is not abundant, and both divided and mixed class teachings are common activities of the kindergarten.The architect employed eight movable partitions to meet such spatial configuration requirements.Sufficient light for the kindergarten design is of primary importance, so the designer replaced the partitions of the original space with transparent glass as much as possible - even the doors are transparent.Furthermore, the colour of the interior space is very light in order to diffuse more light; combined with the use of movable partitions, the building maximises the employment of sunlight from the jagged skylights.(Translated by Dandan Wang)

MA Xiaoyi: This project has successfully transformed an old modernist building into an open, flexible and diversified space for preschool education. The designer first removed the solid walls of the classrooms and enclosed spaces, and replaced them with glass partitions. Moreover, the side highlight of the roof was fully utilised to create a sunny interior environment.The use of different wood materials with white floors not only creates a peaceful atmosphere, but also ensures a good acoustic environment. Interior architectural elements, including fixed furniture and partitions, are designed as usable multifunctional components, offering possibilities for multiple spatial layouts. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

20 樓梯/Staircase（攝影/Photo: 埃托爾·埃斯特韋斯/Aitor Estevez）