兒童露臺(tái)，東京，日本

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：手冢建筑研究所

Architects: TEZUKA ARCHITECTS

1 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: 木田勝久/Katsuhisa Kida）

這是在橢圓形的藤幼兒園建成8年后，繼Ring Around a Tree之后建成的第二座加建建筑。藤幼兒園放學(xué)后的時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)，即便是太陽(yáng)西斜、紅色的影子蔓延到了草坪時(shí)，兒童形成的令人頭暈?zāi)垦５匿鰷u也還不知休止。孩子們伴隨著在屋頂上飛旋輕舞的落葉奔跑。幼兒園本身會(huì)在14:40閉園，但就如同厚實(shí)的平底鍋在烹飪結(jié)束后仍會(huì)持續(xù)散發(fā)余熱一樣，圓形的藤幼兒園也沒(méi)那么容易冷卻下來(lái)。為了讓這些無(wú)法冷卻的熱度有個(gè)去處，兒童露臺(tái)應(yīng)運(yùn)建立。

正如園長(zhǎng)老師所命名的“兒童露臺(tái)”一般，這座建筑物的本質(zhì)便是露臺(tái)。建筑物內(nèi)部沒(méi)有可以稱(chēng)之為通道的空間，所有房間都經(jīng)由室外繞行入內(nèi)。這樣一來(lái)，雖然設(shè)置了挑檐多少可以起到擋雨的作用，但無(wú)法防避所有的風(fēng)雪。似乎也有指責(zé)的聲音認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該讓孩子們淋雨，但是孩子們即便是被淋濕了也不會(huì)融化的。孩子們具備的防水性能遠(yuǎn)比iPhone來(lái)得優(yōu)秀。當(dāng)然，與之相應(yīng)的是需要老師們的悉心呵護(hù)，但那是藤幼兒園，并不需要我們擔(dān)心這些。

所有的挑檐下都設(shè)置了圓環(huán)，用以懸掛幼兒園收獲的農(nóng)作物。在豐收的秋季，玉米、白蘿卜、番茄、洋蔥和秸稈將檐下覆蓋得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)。加上坐在檐邊的孩子們，會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種錯(cuò)覺(jué)，仿佛孩子們也是田里來(lái)的收成一樣。窗戶上既沒(méi)有百葉也沒(méi)有窗簾，但農(nóng)作物灑落的影子形式遠(yuǎn)比那些構(gòu)件來(lái)得豐富。

在屋頂上有一處很大的盆栽，種植著橄欖樹(shù)和一些圍繞著它的植物，都是可食用的。遵從著種植專(zhuān)家山崎誠(chéng)子的建議，姑且種下了如現(xiàn)狀大小的樹(shù)，但目標(biāo)是它將來(lái)能迎著風(fēng)茁壯成長(zhǎng)，在屋頂上投下巨大的樹(shù)蔭。屋頂上的草地是重要的元素。如果集齊了在盆栽附近設(shè)置的炊事臺(tái)與草地，極樂(lè)的屋頂餐廳就出現(xiàn)了。

說(shuō)來(lái)與飲食相關(guān)的要素似乎很多，但也確實(shí)，在一樓設(shè)置的廚房要為往來(lái)藤幼兒園的600多人提供餐食。廚房的旁邊設(shè)置了頗有風(fēng)情的狀似蒸汽火車(chē)的柴火爐。那是山林舍（爐子工坊）以一塊9mm厚的鐵板敲出來(lái)的原創(chuàng)作品，大大小小有4扇門(mén)可以投入柴火，為了應(yīng)對(duì)多種烹飪方式而凝聚了充足的設(shè)計(jì)。煙囪就這么穿過(guò)上方層疊的教室，筆直地突出了屋頂。園長(zhǎng)老師的教育方針是培養(yǎng)能向世界講述真正的日本文化的孩子，因此，兒童露臺(tái)當(dāng)然與藤幼兒園本部一樣需要脫了鞋赤腳入內(nèi)，此外還配備了帶下沉的榻榻米坐席的和室。這座建筑物還面向放學(xué)后的小學(xué)生開(kāi)放了英語(yǔ)教室，不過(guò)教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)還是日本文化。

登高可能是人類(lèi)的一種本能。如果有高臺(tái)和樹(shù)木，孩子們就會(huì)漫無(wú)目的地爬上去。既然總是要爬的，那不如爬得快樂(lè)一些吧。這座建筑的樓板上沒(méi)有隔斷，樓梯都不是貫通連接的，這樣孩子們可以一圈一圈地游蕩著爬上去了。 （潘奕 日譯中）

2 從藤幼兒園看向兒童露臺(tái)/Kids Terrace exterior view from Fuji Kindergarten（攝影/Photo: 木田勝久/Katsuhisa Kida）

This is the second extension building after Ring Around a Tree, and eight years later than the completion of oval Fuji Kindergarten. It has a long period after school at the Fuji Kindergarten, so even at the sun set when the orange shadows spread across the meadow, the dizzy circular movement of children is still endless - they run through the whirled leaves above the roof. The kindergarten is closed at 14:40,but just as a thick pan continues to give off the heat after cooking, the circular Fuji Kindergarten will not be cooled down as easily. In order to accommodate"the uncooled heat", Kids Terrace was built.

As named by the principal "Kids Terrace", the building was born to be terraces. There is no place can be called as passageway and all rooms has to be entered by the outdoor ways. Although some eaves are set to keep out the rain drop, in this way, not all the wind and snow can be blocked out. Although there seem to be some criticism that children should not be allowed to get wet, they will not melt if they get wet. Kids are far more waterproof than iPhones.Of course, caring from teachers are relatively needed,but it is for Fuji Kindergarten, not for us.

Rings are set under all the eaves to hang the crops harvested in the kindergarten. In the autumn,corn, white radishes, tomatoes, onions and stalks cover the eaves without a gap. Alongside with the children sitting on the edge, hallucination that these kids are also the harvest of the fields will emerge.There are no blinds or curtains in the windows, yet the form of the crops' shadows are much more diverse than those components.

There is a huge potted plant with an olive tree and several plants around that are all edible on the roof. Following the advice by Masako Yamazaki, a planting expert, a tree of current size was planted with a goal that it will thrive against the wind and cast a huge shade on the roof. Grass on the roof is also a significant component. If the kitchen table and grass set by the potted plant are gathered together, a blissful rooftop restaurant will appear.

There may seem to be a lot of catering-related elements, but it is true that the kitchen on the ground floor are catering for more than 600 people who come and go from Fuji Kindergarten. Next to the kitchen is a wood stove that looks like a steam train.That is Sanrinsya - an innovative work hammered out with a 9 mm thick iron plate which has 4 doors with different sizes for firewood, a sufficient design to cope with various ways of cooking. The chimney runs through the stacked classrooms and stands straight from the roof. The educational policy of the principal is to cultivate children who can tell true story of Japanese culture to the world, as a matter of fact,Kids Terrace is, of course, same as Fuji Kindergarten that only allows children to get inside after taking offtheir shoes; In addition, it has rooms equipped with sinking tatamis. This building also has an English classroom opening for the after-school pupils, but the lectures are still based on Japanese culture.

Climbing is probably an instinct movement of human beings. If there was a high platform or a tree,kids would climb up without any intentions. Since it is their first nature, how about climbing up with joy?There are no partitions on the floor of this building,and the stairs are not continuous, which allows children to wander up and up. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

3 包括兒童露臺(tái)的藤幼兒園總平面/Site plan of Fuji Kindergarten with Kids Terrace

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 二層平面/First floor plan

6 三層平面/Second floor plan

7 頂層平面/Roof plan

8 樓梯/Stair

9 坐在護(hù)欄邊的孩子們/Children sitting by the fence

（8.9 攝影/Photos: 木田勝久/Katsuhisa Kida）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 日本東京都立川市/Tachikawa City, Tokyo,Japan

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: 手冢貴晴，手冢由比/Takaharu Tezuka, Yui Tezuka

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 山村尚子，邊見(jiàn)祐希/Hisako Yamamura, Yuuki Henmi

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structure: 大野博史，木村優(yōu)志（Ohno日本）/Hirofumi Ohno, Masashi Kimura (Ohno JAPAN)

照明/Lighting: 角館政英，若山香保（Bonbori光環(huán)境規(guī)劃）/Masahide Kakudate, Kaho Wakayama (Bonbori Lighting Architect & Associates, inc)

設(shè)備/Facility: 渡邊忍/Shinobu Watanabe

視聽(tīng)系統(tǒng)/Audio Visual System: 富澤憐子，本宮孝太郎/Reiko Tomizawa, Koutarou Motomiya

施工/Constructors: 前川建設(shè)/Maekawa Kensetsu

種植指導(dǎo)（屋頂）/Planting Director (Roof): 山崎誠(chéng)子（GA山崎）/Masako Yamazaki (GA Yamazaki)

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)/Steel

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 4791.69 m2

基底面積/Built Area: 254.05 m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 453.49 m2

建筑密度/Coverage Ratio: 41.20%

容積率/Floor Area Ratio: 46.02%

層數(shù)/Number of Stories: 地上3層/Three-storey

建筑高度/Height: 9.523 m

層高/Storey Height: 2.9 m

室內(nèi)凈高/Interior Net Storey Height: 2.2 m

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2013.02-2013.09

施工時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2013.10-2014.07

攝影/Photos: 木田勝久/Katsuhisa Kida

評(píng)論

唐芃：自從藤幼兒園成名之后，申請(qǐng)入園的孩子越來(lái)越多，幼兒園的容量捉襟見(jiàn)肘。在有限的用地上，邊邊角角都被利用起來(lái)做了加建，藤幼兒園的兒童露臺(tái)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。印象中這棟建筑是為了幼兒園中年齡大一點(diǎn)的孩子而設(shè)計(jì)，也有一部分與小學(xué)課后教育相銜接的功能。看上去它并不像個(gè)幼兒園建筑，但了解農(nóng)作物在地里的播種與生長(zhǎng)，到經(jīng)過(guò)晾曬處理，到進(jìn)入廚房再端上餐桌的過(guò)程，是所有日本的兒童在學(xué)校里必須接受的教育，對(duì)食物的珍惜和對(duì)大自然的愛(ài)由此產(chǎn)生。充足的平臺(tái)適應(yīng)大孩子們較強(qiáng)的活動(dòng)能力，同時(shí)高高的露臺(tái)也兼做餐廳食材的晾曬場(chǎng)地。因此這個(gè)建筑真正適應(yīng)了日本的教育理念。

馬笑漪：很多年前，手冢先生在其關(guān)于藤幼兒園的TED演講中強(qiáng)調(diào)：不要去“控制”孩子們，也不要過(guò)度“保護(hù)”他們。他們需要摔倒，也需要受點(diǎn)傷，這樣他們就會(huì)從中學(xué)到如何在這個(gè)世界上生存。他認(rèn)為這座幼兒園是建筑改變世界的一個(gè)嘗試，改變了孩子們的生活。藤幼兒園的實(shí)踐表達(dá)了人對(duì)本能的自信與渴望：爬樹(shù)，鉆洞，登高，從高處跳下來(lái)，被屋頂磕到頭，轉(zhuǎn)圈跑，摔倒再爬起，在冒險(xiǎn)中互助，這些是孩子們對(duì)自然與社會(huì)的積極的、本能的探索。兒童露臺(tái)項(xiàng)目延續(xù)了主體建筑完全開(kāi)放的格局、超低的吊頂以及簡(jiǎn)單而有愛(ài)的欄桿構(gòu)造，在“不停地轉(zhuǎn)圈”這一基礎(chǔ)上，將行為模式發(fā)展為“快樂(lè)地登高”，并通過(guò)“發(fā)展農(nóng)桑”增強(qiáng)了孩子們對(duì)日本本土文化的熱愛(ài)和自信。

10 屋頂?shù)暮⒆觽?Children on the roof

11 內(nèi)景/Interior view

12 多功能室與廚房的柴火爐/Multi-purpose room and wood stove in the kitchen

（10-12 攝影/Photos: 木田勝久/Katsuhisa Kida）

Comments

TANG Peng: Since Fuji Kindergarten became wellknown, more and more children applied to the kindergarten. But the capacity of the kindergarten has already reached the limit. On the limited site, here and there have been used to stretch the space and thus Kids Terrace emerges. In my impression, the building was designed for older kids in the kindergarten,and it also has programmes relevant to after-school education on primary school level. It does not look like a kindergarten building, to be honest, but from knowing how crops are sown and grown in the ground,dried and served in the kitchen, the tradition that all Japanese children should be taught to appreciate food and love nature was derived. The ample platform accommodates the greater mobility of the older kids,while the sky terraces are adaptive to both a restaurant and a drying space for ingredients. Therefore, the building is absolutely adapted to the ideas of Japanese education. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

MA Xiaoyi: Many years ago, Mr. Tezuka addressed in his TED Talk about Fuji Kindergarten that do neithercontrolchildren, norover-protectthem. They need falling down, as well as getting a bit hurt, so that they would learn how to survive in this world. He sees Fuji Kindergarten as an attempt to change the world by architecture and he indeed changes the lives of children.The attempt of Fuji Kindergarten is based on the belief and desire to the instinct of human beings: climbing trees, getting through a hole, uphill, jumping down from the top, knocking on the head by roof, running in circles,falling down and standing up again, and helping each other in adventure. These are all children's active and instinctive explorations of nature and society. Continuing the complete open pattern, the ultra-low ceiling,and simple and lovely parapet structure of the main building, and with the basic of children's behaviour of "keeping on circling", Kids Terrace developed the behavioural pattern of "happy-climbing", and enhanced children's love and confidence in Japanese culture through the way of "farming development". (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

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