裴書蘭
閱讀是語言輸入,寫作是語言輸出,兩者相互依存,密不可分。在高中英語閱讀教學(xué)中,教師要注意讀寫結(jié)合,緊扣文本主題、詞匯、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)等,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生動筆表達(dá),從而激活學(xué)生思維,鍛煉其讀寫能力,提升其英語素養(yǎng)。
一、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生摘錄妙詞佳句,開展“仿句”訓(xùn)練
在閱讀教學(xué)中,教師要注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合主題歸納詞塊,摘錄文本佳句,增加語言輸入量,擴(kuò)大語言儲備。同時,借鑒文本語言和句型表達(dá),加以靈活運(yùn)用,展開仿寫訓(xùn)練,進(jìn)而幫助學(xué)生構(gòu)建自己的寫作語料庫,提高學(xué)生遣詞造句的能力。
比如,牛津高中英語模塊1 Unit 1 School life,這一單元以“學(xué)校生活”為主題,重要詞匯和短語有:earn one’s living/ on average/ Look back on /be satisfied with/ It is a struggle for sb. to do sth. /devote oneself to doing sth.等。佳句有:Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable experience for me. (能去英國的高中一年對來說是一段非常愉快和令人興奮的經(jīng)歷); He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.(他還告訴我們贏得尊重最好的辦法就是致力于學(xué)習(xí)并取得高分)等。在教學(xué)過程中,筆者引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用文本詞匯和句型,進(jìn)行了如下句子仿寫:①He had many interesting experience while traveling in Shanghai.(在上海旅游時他有許多有趣的經(jīng)歷。)②I like to look back on my childhood. I had a good time then. (我喜歡回憶我的童年,那時我很快樂。)③It is a struggle for him to read English materials.(對他來說,讀英語材料是件難事。)
二、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生梳理文本結(jié)構(gòu),學(xué)會謀篇布局
結(jié)構(gòu)是文章的骨骼,學(xué)會如何組織文章,是學(xué)生要掌握的一種基本能力。在高中英語閱讀教學(xué)中,教師要重視整體閱讀,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注文本體裁,分析和提煉文本語篇結(jié)構(gòu),總結(jié)文本段落大意,梳理段落間的邏輯關(guān)系,理清文本寫作思路,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的篇章意識,并借鑒文本語篇結(jié)構(gòu),有效搭建寫作支架,從而發(fā)展學(xué)生的邏輯思維,提高其謀篇布局的能力。
以牛津高中英語模塊五 Unit 2 The environment 閱讀課文“Project Climate change and a low-carbon life”為例,該文按照“Problem(問題)——Causes(原因)——Measures(措施)——Conclusion(結(jié)論)”的結(jié)構(gòu)行文,為議論文寫作提供了很好的模板。在分析完該篇文章后,筆者讓學(xué)生參照這一語篇結(jié)構(gòu),圍繞“保護(hù)環(huán)境”這一主題,寫一篇議論文。有學(xué)生這樣寫道:The environmental pollution is more and more seriously today.(問題) Many trees are cutting down, some factories are pouring dirty air in the sky, the population is increasing faster and faster, resources are getting less and less.(原因) We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems. Firstly, we should drive less, walk more, and often ride bikes or by bus. Secondly, we don’t throw away rubbish everywhere, and we should put them into the trash bin. Lastly, we should save forests and plant trees, a variety of flowers and plants.(措施) I think if everyone does something to protect the environment, our world will be much better.(結(jié)論)
三、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生拓展文本話題,鼓勵練筆
在高中英語閱讀教學(xué)中,教師還要注意拓展延伸文本話題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,進(jìn)行練筆,大膽寫出自己的閱讀感受,表達(dá)自己的看法見解。這樣既可以提高學(xué)生的寫作能力,又可以深化學(xué)生對文本內(nèi)容的理解和掌握。
例如,牛津高中英語模塊6 Unit 2 What is happiness to you 閱讀課文“The search for happiness”一文,是一篇電視采訪,它以追求幸福為主題,以體操運(yùn)動員桑蘭的成長為主線,呼吁人們辯證地看待和追尋幸福,樂觀堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地面對困境和人生。該話題與學(xué)生生活息息相關(guān)。在教學(xué)完該課文后,筆者聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,拓展文本話題,設(shè)計(jì)了如下寫作任務(wù):有的人認(rèn)為,幸福是衣食無憂,健康平安;有的人認(rèn)為,幸福是戰(zhàn)勝自我的心路;有的人認(rèn)為,追求幸福的過程本身就是幸福。請你結(jié)合自己的生活,圍繞“幸福”這一主題,寫一篇小作文,談?wù)勛约簩π腋5目捶āS袑W(xué)生這樣寫道:Happiness exists everywhere. Everyone has different definitions of happiness. Some people think possessing a great deal of money is the secret to happiness, while others believe that happiness not only comes from material satisfaction but also depends on spiritual joy. In my opinion, happiness cannot be copied from each other and it is a personal feeling in our heart. A good attitude will bring us a happy feeling, and let us experience the taste of happiness.
總之,在平時的英語教學(xué)中,教師要把握讀和寫的關(guān)系,重視讀寫結(jié)合,做到以“讀”帶“寫”,以“寫”促“讀”,讓讀寫相得益彰,幫助學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)知識向能力的轉(zhuǎn)化。
(作者單位:江蘇省鹽城市伍佑中學(xué))