讀后續寫中“讀”的策略

劉嫻

2020年新高考全國Ⅰ卷（山東卷）讀后續寫給出一篇約350字的記敘文，主要講述在經濟蕭條背景下，人們生活困難但卻互相幫助共克時艱的故事。文中的母親Mrs. Meredith是一個善良樂于助人的人，經常幫助有困難的家庭。她的三個孩子想出用家里的玉米制作爆米花，給需要幫助的家庭的孩子Bernard售賣以獲取收入。

讀后續寫兩個文段中，寫作的完成程度依賴于閱讀的質量和效果。因此，在閱讀已知短文中，我們要回答好“讀什么”“怎么讀”的問題。為解決“讀”的問題，我們需要關注短文的關鍵信息，為續寫做好準備。

一、運用“以讀促寫”策略，抓住有效信息

1. 提煉主要情節，預設故事發展。

在閱讀已知短文時，可根據故事的“起因→發展→高潮→結局”的基本模式迅速找到相關信息，合理推斷故事的高潮和結局。在這個過程中，做到故事的合理化情節預設，站在故事的主題高位去預設，比如對人物的性格的描述中，出現“most kind and thoughtful， eager to help ”等詞匯，故情節發展應該圍繞如何去幫助人，不可天馬行空，任意創作。

2. 讀懂續寫首句，調整故事走向。

續寫第一段所給首句“When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea， she thought it was a good one， too.”這一句是故事繼續發展的關鍵點，可從Mrs. Meredith同意約翰的主意后，孩子們是如何做的擴展開去，可以寫孩子們是如何分工的，他們都做了什么，Mrs. Meredith幫他們做了什么，無論從什么角度拓展，其結尾都要注意與續寫第二段首句呼應。根據第二段所給首句“With everything ready， Bernard started out on his new business.”可以推斷第一段的情節是Bernard 參與了爆米花制作，并且大家分工合作準備好了一切所需要的工作。此外，這一句與前文Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it. 呼應，可以從Bernard賣出爆米花的過程及感受，以及Mrs. Meredith的孩子們幫助Bernard后的感受去拓展。

3. 關注語言風格，豐富故事表達。

續寫文段的語言風格要注意和原文保持一致。縱觀原文語言，語言樸實但表達豐富，大致有幾個特點：

（1）直接引語的使用以及“說”的表達。如“I wish we could help him to earn money.”said Clara... he sprang to his feet and cried， “I have a great idea！...”采用不同的“說”的表達，表現說話者不同的情緒情感。cried一詞，激動興奮之情，躍然紙上。

（2）特殊句式的使用。如倒裝句“There was a man sick in bed， his wife， who took care of him and could not go out to work， and their little boy.”“So do I.”

（3）虛擬語氣的使用?！癐 wish you could see him，”she said to her own children.“I wish we could help him to earn money.”said Clara.

（4）現在分詞作伴隨狀語。如“After their mother left the room， the children sat thinking about Bernard.”

（5）三大從句的運用。

As the economy was in decline， some people in the town had lost their jobs.（狀語從句）

There was a man sick in bed， his wife， who took care of him and could not go out to work， and their little boy.（定語從句）

（6）并列句的使用。如“For some moments， John said nothing， but， suddenly， he sprang to his feet and cried，“I have a great idea！...”

二、協同原文，提升“以寫促學”能力

在續寫文段時，要和原文做到高度的協同性，使前后情節連貫，語言風格一致，渾然一體。下面是筆者的一篇下水作文：

When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea， she thought it was a good one， too.“Its so smart and thoughtful of you to work out such a brilliant plan！”Mrs. Meredith exclaimed with joy. After a careful discussion， they got down to work in high spirits. By the time the mother sent for Bernard， the kids had accomplished the preparation work， grabbing a pack of corns and paper bags as well as borrowing a popcorn machine from a generous neighbour. Shortly， there rushed Bernard in， eyes sparkling with gratitude. Then the excited kids began to put the corns into the machine， added some ingredients and waited. Minutes later， with a sweet smell of popcorn floating around， everyone smiled. When John finally opened to see the golden and tasty“fruits”， they jumped to hug each other for their joint effort.

With everything ready， Bernard started out on his new business. The next morning， he visited his neighbours from door to door to sell his home-made popcorn. Much to his delight， they were quickly sold out. Better still， so delicious was the popcorn that it gained great popularity among people in the community， which gave the boy a precious chance to support his family. No amount of joy could compare to the look in the boys eyes when he handed over an appreciation card to the Merediths， which read：Kindness is like the sunshine. It is your love and kindness that shed light on our life. Without it， I would not have exprienced the brightness and warmth of the world. Thank you！

范文做到了情節上下連貫、前后呼應、語言潤色、與原文協同一致，較好地使用了原文的語言形式和風格。通過運用“以讀促寫”策略，完成續寫，可以培養學生對故事情節的推理，人物性格的判斷，預設想象等邏輯思維能力。在故事結尾，主題升華，凸顯主題意義，“愛和善良可以改變世界”，樹立正確的價值觀念。

責任編輯 蔣小青