530套舊宅改造 G、H、I 棟，波爾多，法國

2021-07-30 07:55:26建筑設計拉卡頓瓦薩爾建筑事務所弗雷德里克德魯沃建筑事務所克里斯托弗胡廷建筑事務所

世界建筑 2021年7期

建筑設計：拉卡頓-瓦薩爾建筑事務所 + 弗雷德里克·德魯沃建筑事務所 + 克里斯托弗·胡廷建筑事務所

圖1 外景/New exterior view

作為波爾多“格蘭特帕克住宅區”改造項目的一部分，該更新項目對3 棟已滿員入住的現代主義社會住宅進行了改建。

這片現代主義區域建于1960 年代早期，擁有4000 多套住房。G、H 和I 這3 棟建筑有10 ～ 15層高，共設530 套住宅。在排除拆舊方案后，舊宅改造便成為大勢所趨。通過利用住宅樓的位置及布局，這些建筑可以被改造成兼具品質與舒適性的美好住所。

該項目從住宅內部開始，通過對其現有品質的精準改造與精心取舍，賦予住宅新氣息——取其精華、補其所缺。

在現有基礎上新增的冬季花園與陽臺，為每一間公寓都帶來了更為寬敞的空間、更多自然采光、活動空間及開闊的視野。

圖2 總平面/Site plan

圖3 .圖4 外景/New exterior views

受惠于住宅樓的高度與波爾多低矮的地勢，在室內便可一覽獨一無二的城市全景，打造出絕佳的居住環境。

雖然為高檔住宅打造的高層建筑現已被定義成“對未來負責的住宅”，但G、H 和I 棟建筑卻以一種慷慨、經濟且可持續的方式迅速滿足了這些要求。

該項目的總體經濟策略為對現有建筑進行改造，實施增建和擴建工程，而非對其大興改建——保留了原有的結構、樓梯或樓層。這種方法有助于將資源集中在大量擴建上。對于建筑師而言，這是以一種重要且可持續的方式來改善住房品質和規模的關鍵。

這種擴建擴大了住宅內部的使用空間與活動空間，同時也為其打造了一處私人室外空間。公寓擁有大型冬季花園和陽臺，提供了舒適的戶外空間。該空間大到足以被充分利用：H 棟和I 棟的南立面深達3.8m，而G 棟的兩個立面僅由朝向單一的住宅組成。大型玻璃推拉門取代了原有的窗戶，將住宅的每間客房都與冬季花園相連。

每套住宅均進行了室內翻新、浴室改造及新電器安裝。在每45 戶住宅共用的樓梯間內，原先的兩部電梯由一部更大的新電梯所代替，又增加了一部新電梯以改善垂直交通。一樓新建的入口大廳更為寬敞且明亮，大樓前的花園也進行了改建。冬季花園的擴建與北立面的保溫隔熱措施使得建筑圍護結構的整體性能同步提升。

為了將對居民的干擾降到最低，包括預制混凝土樓板和柱子在內的模塊在場外預制，然后用起重機吊裝到位，隨后安裝包括新的外部電梯在內的其他部件。在改造過程中及完成后，沒有居民被強制搬走，530 套住宅中的每套住宅均在大約12-16 天內完成改造更新。

該舊宅改造項目為時常被批判的公有住房樹立了一個有意義且經濟的改造榜樣，摒棄以往粗制濫造的消極形象，打造出一種寬敞、宜人、實用的住宅。該項目重新定義了類型學、居住條件、舒適性與愉悅感，改善城市住宅形象的同時也讓其更令人神往。□（王單單譯）

圖5 施工方式/Construction method

The project consists of the transformation of 3 modernist social housing's buildings, fully occupied.It is part of the renovation programme of the "Cité du Grand Parc" in Bordeaux.

Built from the early 1960s, this modernist district counts more than 4000 dwellings. The 3 buildings G, H and I, 10 to 15 floors high, gather 530 dwellings and needed a renovation, after the question of their demolition has been ruled out. By their location and their layout, these buildings give a capacity of transforming into beautiful dwellings with qualities and comfort.

The project of transformation starts from the interior of the dwellings, to give new qualities to the dwellings, by intervention with precision and care for the existing qualities, to keep what should be preserved, and supplement what is missing.

The addition of winter gardens and balconies in extension of the existing gives the opportunity, for each apartment, to enjoy more space, more natural light, more mobility of use and more views.

圖6 .圖7 施工過程/Construction process

From the inside, the view on the city of Bordeaux is panoramic and unique, due to the height and to the low topography of the city. It is an extraordinary living situation.

While the high-rise buildings for high-class residences are now defined as examples of a responsible housing for the future, the G, H and I buildings offer the opportunity to reach these qualities immediately, in a generous, economic and sustainable way.

The general economy of the project is based on the choice of transforming the existing building without doing important interventions on the existing: the structure, the stairs or the floors and of proceeding by additions and extensions. This approach on economy makes possible to concentrate the resources on generous extensions that are,for the architect, the key point to improve, in a significant and sustainable way, the quality and the dimension of the dwellings.

These extensions widen the space of use and the mobility inside the dwelling and give the house an opportunity to have a private outdoor space. The apartments open on to large winter gardens and balconies, and offer pleasant outdoor spaces, large enough to be fully used: 3.8 m deep on the South fa?ades for the buildings H and I buildings and the 2 fa?ades of the building G, only composed by the mono-orientated dwellings. The existing windows are replaced by large glassed sliding doors, which connect every room of the dwelling to the winter garden.

Interior works are also planned in every dwelling as well as the renovation of the bathrooms and a new electrical installation. In every staircase of 45 dwellings, the 2 former elevators serving every staircase of 45 dwellings are replaced by a new and bigger one and supplemented by a new elevator built to improve the vertical circulation.On ground floor, new access halls are done, more open and transparent, and the gardens in front of the buildings are improved. The global performance of the building envelope is also improved by the addition of winter gardens and by the insulation of the North fa?ade.

圖8 -11 改造前后對比/Before and after transformation

圖12 .圖13 改造后的樓梯間/Stairwell after transformation

To keep disruption to a minimum for residents, modules including precast concrete slabs and columns were prefabricated off-site and craned into place.Other parts, including new external lifts, were then slotted into place. No one was forced to move out during or after the renovation process, and each of the 530 flats was refurbished in about 12-16 days.

Through this project, the social housing, often criticised heritage, set an example of a relevant and economic transformation that produces – from an existing judged lacking in qualities and seen in a negative way – generous,pleasant and performing dwellings, which renew and reformulate the typologies and the conditions of living, of comfort and of pleasure, and improve the image and attractiveness of urban housing.□