阿聯(lián)酋館：濕地

策展人：瓦伊爾·阿爾·阿瓦爾，寺本健一

阿聯(lián)酋國家館的“濕地”項目是第17屆威尼斯國際建筑雙年展的2021年金獅獎獲得者。它展示了一種原型：從回收的工業(yè)廢鹵水中提取環(huán)保鹽基水泥的替代品，以減少建筑業(yè)對環(huán)境的影響。

“濕地”項目中的開創(chuàng)性研究探討了一種可能性：受城市當(dāng)?shù)鼐坝^的啟發(fā)，升級回收城市海水淡化產(chǎn)生的工業(yè)鹵水副產(chǎn)品，將其用作可持續(xù)建筑材料，以打造“未來本土”建筑。

水泥是僅次于水的世界第二大消耗性材料，但它對我們所棲居的環(huán)境構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重威脅。傳統(tǒng)水泥生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的CO2占全球排放量的8%；而工業(yè)海水淡化過程中產(chǎn)生的高飽和鹽水（鹵水）經(jīng)常被排入海洋，對海洋生物和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了巨大影響。因此，當(dāng)務(wù)之急便是尋求一種更加可持續(xù)的替代方案。

建筑師有責(zé)任以批判的眼光審視建筑行業(yè)，并批判其使用的設(shè)計方法及材料對環(huán)境與社會造成的影響。在全球范圍內(nèi)，為了追求速度和規(guī)模，建筑過程已被標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，而本土建筑技術(shù)在很大程度上已被拋棄。這對特定場域的環(huán)境和全球環(huán)境都造成了損害。

阿聯(lián)酋國家館對第17屆威尼斯國際建筑雙年展策展人哈希姆·薩基斯提出的主題 “我們將如何共同生存?”作出如下回應(yīng)：受到阿聯(lián)酋薩布哈發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)晶鹽和礦物質(zhì)的啟發(fā)，用回收的廢鹵水制成環(huán)保型鎂基水泥替代品。

薩布哈是獨特的天然鹽灘，在這種生存環(huán)境中有由珍貴的鹽和礦物質(zhì)混合而成的結(jié)晶鹽殼。這些自然現(xiàn)象成為阿聯(lián)酋最豐富的地質(zhì)特征之一。得益于強烈的太陽輻射和干旱的氣候，薩布哈是世界上最大的鹽灘之一。

通過科學(xué)實驗和研究，阿聯(lián)酋館的項目試圖從薩布哈組成物中提取一種技術(shù)等效的水泥——一種無高碳排放的可再生建筑材料。

此次展覽旨在學(xué)習(xí)并了解阿聯(lián)酋的薩布哈，發(fā)掘他們在符合當(dāng)今工業(yè)需求的環(huán)境敏感及可持續(xù)材料等方面的潛力。□（王單單 譯）

2 展覽裝置/Exhibition installation

項目信息/Credits and Data

委托方/Commissioner: Salama Bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation

主辦方/Supporter: UAE Ministry of Culture and Youth策展人/Curators: Wael Al Awar, Kenichi Teramoto

參展人/Exhibitors: waiwai, New York University - Abu Dhabi (Amber Lab), University of Tokyo (Sato Lab and Obuchi Lab), American University of Sharjah (Dept. of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences), Farah Al Qasimi

出版物/Publication: Ahmed & Rashid Bin Shabib (撰文/Writers), Wael Al Awar and Kenichi Teramoto (編輯/Editors), Marina Tabassum (供稿/Contributor)

攝影/Photos: Frederico Torra (fig.1,2,5-10)

3.4 法拉·卡西米作品/Artworks by Farah Al Qasimi（圖片來源/ Image Courtesy: National Pavilion UAE）

5.6 展覽裝置/Exhibition installation

Wetland at the National Pavilion United Arab Emirates (UAE), 2021 Golden Lion recipient at the 17th International Architecture Exhibition at La Biennale di Venezia, presents a prototype of an environmentally friendly salt-based cement alternative from recycled industrial waste brine, which could reduce the impact the construction industry has on the environment.

The groundbreaking research presented in Wetland investigates the possibility of upcycling by-products of industrial waste brine from desalination produced by cities to be used as a sustainable building material inspired by a city's local landscape, crafting a Future Vernacular for architecture.

Cement is the world's second most highly-consumed material after water, and yet it is a significant threat to the habitability of our environment. The production of traditional cement generates 8% of the world's CO2emissions, while brine, highly-saturated saltwater left over from industrial desalination, is often disposed back into the sea causing significant impact on marine life and ecosystems. A more sustainable alternative is vital.

7 展館外景/Exterior view of pavilion

8 展覽裝置/Exhibition installation

9 展覽裝置/Exhibition installation

10 展館外景/Exterior view of pavilion

Architects have a responsibility to turn a critical eye on the construction industry, and to critique the environmental and social impact of the methods and materials used to realise their designs. As construction processes have been standardised across the globe in pursuit of speed and scale, local architectural techniques have largely been abandoned, to the detriment of sitespecific environments as much as global ones.

The National Pavilion UAE response to Hashim Sarkis's theme for the 17th International Architecture Exhibition - La Biennale di Venezia, How will we live together? is an environmentally friendly MgO-based cement alternative created from recycled waste brine, inspired by the crystallised salts and minerals found in the UAE's Sabkha.

Sabkha are unique, naturally-occurring salt flats - living environments with crystalised salt crusts made from an amalgamation of valuable salts and minerals. These9 natural phenomena are among the UAE's richest geological features, nurtured by the high solar radiation and arid climate, and the locally-occurring Sabkha are among the largest in the world.

Through scientific experimentation and research, the UAE's project attempts to create a technological equivalent of cement from the Sabkha formation - a renewable construction material without the high carbon emissions.

The exhibition seeks to learn from and understand the UAE's Sabkha, harnessing their potential in the search for environmentally sensitive and sustainable materials that can still meet the demands of today's industry.□

11 “濕地”實驗研究/Research of Wetland

a-材料研究，“濕地”實驗室/Material Research at Wetland Lab, Alserkal Avenue（圖片來源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai, 攝影/Photo: Sahil Abdul Latheef）

b-結(jié)晶實驗，waiwai事務(wù)所/Crystallisation experiments at waiwai office（圖片來源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai）c-實驗/Experiment（攝影/Photo: Dina Khatib）

d-實驗/Experiment（圖片來源/Image Courtesy: National Pavilion UAE, 攝影/Photo: Sahil Abdul Latheef）

e-“濕地”原型澆鑄件，“濕地”實驗室/Wetland prototype cast at Wetland Lab, Alserkal Avenue（圖片來源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai）

f-材料研究，“濕地”實驗室/Material Research at Wetland Lab, Alserkal Avenue（圖片來源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai. 攝影/Photo: Sahil Abdul Latheef）

g-“濕地”原型，東京大學(xué)/Wetland prototype at the University of Tokyo, Jun Sato Laboratory, Yusuke Obuchi Laboratory（圖片來源/Image courtesy: National Pavilion UAE + waiwai, 攝影/Photo: Muga Miyahara）