ZAC巴斯蒂德-尼爾，波爾多，法國

MVRDV建筑規劃事務所

客戶：SAS Bastide Niel

建筑與城市規劃：MVRDV

景觀設計：A+R paysagistes,Territoires

工程設計：Artelia

交通工程：Arcadis,Verdi

可持續：Ader& co,Oasiis

幾何設計：Geosat

當地建筑師：CUBE

場地面積：35hm2

繪圖：MVRDV

Client:SAS Bastide Niel

Architect & Urban Planner:MVRDV

Landscape Architects:A+R paysagistes,Territoires

Engineering:Artelia

Traffic Engineers:Arcadis,Verdi

Sustainability:Ader& co,Oasiis

Geometrician:Geosat

Local Architect:CUBE

Site Area:35 hm2

Drawings:MVRDV

MVRDV 的總體規劃設計是改造波爾多市中心 35hm2的前軍營和鐵路站場，這是為歐洲城市化做出貢獻的前所未有的機會。該設計回答了一個重要問題：如何創建一個具有歐洲城市傳統并充滿活力的街區，但同時又對其進行了更新：歷史、功能混合與親密、光、綠色和密集。

該場地靠近加龍河，步行即可到達被聯合國教科文組織列為世界文化遺產的波爾多歷史中心，這里曾被倉庫、鐵路路堤和備用軍營占據。通過對現有建筑的謹慎保留和更新，以及受控的新開發，一個融合了多種功能的片區將得以創建，其中包括住房以及各種公共和文化設施。

總體規劃遵循鐵軌和軍營的布局。它保留并強化了所有歷史建筑、鐵路和站臺，詮釋了場地的歷史，并使其成為該地區改造的起點。利用這些人工構筑物構建的布局，該規劃建立了一個寬6～10m 的狹窄街道關系網。使用“共享空間”方法設計，以創建一個安全的交通系統，讓行5 人、非機動車和公共交通工具享有與汽車平等的權利。大多數街道都是單行道，由河邊或對面的大街獲得服務。這個包括了道路、胡同和小巷的關系網形成了一個總體規劃中有 144 個地塊的親密城市——營造出與歷史悠久的市中心相媲美的氛圍。

總體規劃的公共空間中盡可能多地容納綠色植物，包括種類繁多的植物物種及在炎熱天氣保持環境涼爽的水景。街道和公共廣場設計為多孔的，以吸收雨水和洪水——這是重要的考慮因素，因為項目位于加龍河泛濫的平原。

同樣，巴斯蒂德–尼爾的建筑設計必須考慮到它們對環境的影響?？傮w規劃設定，鄰里建筑宜采用淺色，反射陽光、減少城市熱島效應；將太陽能電池板、綠色植物與屋頂和涼廊整合；盡可能使用木結構，最大限度地減少建筑的碳排放。144 個地塊將容納富于多樣性的建筑實踐，融合了當地、國家和國際設計師的作品。MVRDV 與每個項目的建筑師進行協調，以確保在總體規劃各方面達成共識。

MVRDV's masterplan proposal to transform 35hm2of former barracks and railyards in the centre of Bordeaux is an unprecedented opportunity to contribute to European urbanism.The design answers the question of how to create a vibrant neighbourhood that is in the tradition of the European city,but at the same time an update of it:historic,mixed and intimate,light,green,and dense.

The site,near the Garonne River,lies within walking distance of the UNESCO-listed historic centre of Bordeaux and was previously occupied by warehouses,rail embankments,and redundant barracks.Through careful retention and renovation of the existing buildings,along with controlled new development,a district will be created that integrates a wide variety of functions including housing along with a variety of public and cultural facilities.

The masterplan follows the layout established by the rail tracks and the barracks.It maintains and densifies all historic structures,railways,and platforms,interpreting the site's history and making it a starting point for the area's transformation.Using the layout established by these artefacts,the plan establishes a network of narrow streets between 6 and 10 metres wide.These are designed using a "shared space" approach to create a safe traffic system with pedestrians,cyclists,and public transport on an equal footing to cars.Most streets are oneway,serviced from the riverside or from the opposite avenue.This road,alley and lane network results in an intimate city,with 144 city blocks in the masterplan– resulting in an atmosphere comparable to a historic city centre.

3 建筑形態Geometry of buildings

4 表面被打上不同大小的圓孔，以便種植植被。這些圓圈相交，在中間形成小樹林坑，提供了與網格形成對比的流動性，并賦予場地特殊的特征The surface is perforated in circles of different sizes in order to plant the vegetation.The circles intersect to create grove pits in between.These provide fluidity in contrast to the grid and give a particular character to the site

5 樹木（手動）和灌木（自動）的灌溉 系統Water irrigation systems trees (manual) and shrubs (automised)

巴斯蒂德–尼爾的標志性外觀也源于環境因素。平面圖中建筑物的形狀是通過嚴格適用于日光和直射陽光的規則確定的，允許每個建筑物在一樓接收日光，并至少有2 小時的日照時間。這些“陽光切割”與 15m 深的建筑物相結合，可實現自然通風，形成傾斜的屋頂，喚起人們對傳統歐洲城市景觀的當代重新想象。

隨著 MVRDV 總體規劃的實現，巴斯蒂德–尼爾將成為市中心生動的延伸，擁有 3400 套住宅的混合項目；27,500m2零售；25,000m2辦公室；13,500m2小型場所，用于診所、車間和工作室等用途；以及大學樓、市政檔案館、文化樓、社區中心、學校、日托中心、體育設施等公共設施54,000m2。□（何卓凝 譯）

評審評語

這是一個由形態各異的房子組成的社區，獨特的風格使它具有童話世界般的吸引力?？此谱杂傻脑O計其實充滿了理性的思考。包括充分尊重場地原有的歷史格局，既有建筑的有效更新，并在尊重歷史的基礎上增加新的居住和文化設施。建筑屋頂因日照計算而被切割成適宜的坡度，太陽能電池板、綠色植物以及木料的應用，使得這個社區具有典型的低碳可持續特征。公共交通和景觀的塑造也讓綠色出行更加便捷，公共空間充分考慮了雨水的利用，植物栽植體現了規則秩序下的變化，從而為社區帶來持續的活力。綜合各種因素之后的創新設計，使這個區域成為引領城市更新的典范。

The public spaces of the masterplan incorporate as much greenery as possible,with a huge variety of plant species,as well as water features to keep the surroundings cool in hot weather.Streets and public squares are designed to be porous,allowing them to absorb rainwater and floods– an important consideration due to the masterplan's location in the Garonne river floodplain.

Similarly,buildings in Bastide Niel must be designed with their impact upon the environment in mind.The masterplan stipulates that buildings in the neighbourhood should be light colours,reflecting sunlight and reducing the urban heat island effect;they should integrate solar panels and greenery into their roofs and loggias;and they should use wood construction whenever possible,minimising the carbon emissions of construction.The 144 plots will host buildings from a diversity of architectural practices,mixing the work of local,national,and international designers.MVRDV coordinates with the architects of each project to ensure the cohesive realisation of all aspects of the masterplan.

Bastide Niel's signature appearance is also derived from environmental factors.The shapes of buildings in the plan are determined through strictly applied rules for both daylight and direct sunlight,allowing each building to receive daylight at ground level and a minimum of 2 hours of sun.These "sun cuts",combined with the 15-metre depth of the buildings that enables natural ventilation,result in sloped roofs that evoke a contemporary reimagining of the traditional European cityscape.

W ith the realisation of MVR DV's masterplan,Bastide Niel will become a lively extension to the city centre with a mixed programme of 3400 homes;27,500m2of retail;25,000m2of offices;13,500m2of small premises for such uses as clinics,workshops,and studios;and 54,000m2of public facilities such as a university building,the municipal archives,a cultural building,a community centre,schools,day care centres,and sport facilities.□

Jury Statement

It is a community which is combined the plots of various shapes and sizes,with a unique style that gives it fairytale-like appeal.The seemingly free-flowing design is in fact full of rational thought.It includes full respect for the original historical pattern of the site,the effective renewal of existing buildings and the addition of new residential and cultural facilities in respect of the past.The roofs of the buildings have an appropriate slope for daylight,and the use of solar panels,greenery and wood make the community typically low-carbon sustainable.Public transport and landscape are shaped to make green travel easier,public spaces take full account of rainwater use,and planting reflects change within a regular order,thus bringing continuous vitality to the community.The innovative design of this area,which combines all these factors,makes it a leading model for urban regeneration.(Translated by YE Yang)

6 公共空間容納盡量多的綠色植物The public spaces incorporate as much greenery as possible

7 總體規劃中在推進的建筑設計項目：La Valle Verte建筑設計：MVRDVOngoing projects in the masterplan:La Valle Verte.Architect:MVRDV

8 街道剖面與平面：不同高度的物種和多孔的表面Street section and plan;species of different heights and porous surfaces