景德鎮(zhèn)御窯博物館，江西，中國

朱锫建筑事務所

客戶：景德鎮(zhèn)市文化廣播電影電視新聞出版局，景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷文化旅游發(fā)展有限公司

主持建筑師：朱锫

前置批評：周榕

藝術顧問：王明賢，李翔寧

設計團隊：朱锫建筑事務所

項目成員：Shuhei Nakamura，何帆，韓默，由昌臣，張順，劉亦安，劉伶，吳志剛，杜揚，楊圣晨，陳奕達，賀成龍，丁新月，聶文浩

合作：清華大學建筑設計研究院有限公司

結構工程師：鄭宇，張慧

Client:Jingdezhen Municipal Bureau of Culture Radio Television Press Publication and Tourism,Jingdezhen Ceramic Culture Tourism Group

Principal Architect:ZHU Pei

Critic:ZHOU Rong

Art Consultants:WANG Mingxian,LI Xiangning

Design Team:Studio Zhu Pei

Project Members:Shuhei Nakamura,HE Fan,HAN Mo,YOU Changchen,ZHANG Shun,LIU Yian,LIU Ling,WU Zhigang,DU Yang,YANG Shengchen,CHEN Yida,HE Chenglong,DING Xinyue,NIE Wenhao

Collaborators:Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University Co.,Ltd.

Structural Engineers:ZHENG Yu,ZHANG Hui

場地

景德鎮(zhèn)御窯博物館是一個以展示御窯瓷器文物為主的博物館，位于景德鎮(zhèn)歷史街區(qū)的中心，毗鄰明代御窯遺址。它的周圍有各種歷史建筑，包括傳統(tǒng)民居、私家民窯、工廠和1990 年代末興建的住宅。這些建筑形成了豐富多樣的城市結構，并塑造了一個具有豐富歷史背景的地段環(huán)境。

概念

博物館的概念著重于重新發(fā)現(xiàn)景德鎮(zhèn)的根源，以及定義博物館經(jīng)驗的革命性思維的創(chuàng)新理念。

（1）原型：作為城市工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要結構，以及作為公共生活和文化記憶的重要場所，磚窯是景德鎮(zhèn)城市的起源。博物館的原型是由傳統(tǒng)柴窯轉化而來，它由8 個基于傳統(tǒng)窯爐形式的磚拱形結構組成。每個磚拱體都有不同的大小、長度和曲率，讓人聯(lián)想到窯爐的特殊性和窯磚的材料質(zhì)量。地面層和地下一層將所有的拱體和庭院連接在一起，這一做法具有很強的當?shù)匚幕A。

（2）多孔通風的裝置：景德鎮(zhèn)夏季炎熱，人們要在陰涼下生存，還要保證通風良好，這就是屋檐遮蔽的窄巷和垂直的四合院形式的由來，讓人們感到舒適。8 個磚砌拱體長軸沿南北向布置，兩端開放。開放的空拱與封閉的拱間或布置，既能阻擋西側的陽光，又能將每個拱體變成風洞，讓涼風流入，捕捉夏季最頻繁的南北風。5 個尺度不一的下沉式院落創(chuàng)造了與當?shù)卮怪痹郝湟粯拥臒焽栊?，由此?chuàng)造了一個三維立體的通風裝置。

Context

The Museum,a porcelain museum focusing on Imperial Kiln artefacts,is located in the centre of the historical area in Jingdezhen,adjacent to the Imperial Kiln Ruins of Ming Dynasty.It is surrounded by various historical buildings,including old houses,traditional kilns,factories,and residential buildings of the late 1990s.These buildings have shaped a rich and diverse urban fabric and formed a unique site with enriching historical contexts.

Concept

The concepts of the museum focus on rediscovering the roots of Jingdezhen and the innovation ideas that defines the revolutionary thinking of the museum experience.

(1) Prototype

As an essential structure for the city's industrial production and as a central place for both public life and cultural memory,the brick kiln has entered the entire city history in the form of architecture.The prototype of the Museum is translated from traditional brick kiln;it comprises eight brick vaults based on the traditional forms of kiln.Each of the brick vaults is of a different size,length and curvature,calling to mind the special and material quality of the kilns.The ground level and basement level connect all vaults and courtyards together with a strong local cultural basis.

(2) A porous installation of wind

1 鳥瞰Aerial view

2 基地建設前鳥瞰Aerial view before construction

3 草圖Sketch

結構、機電、綠建顧問：清華大學建筑設計研究院有限公司

幕墻顧問：深圳市大地幕墻科技有限公司

照明顧問：北京寧之境照明設計有限責任公司

聲學顧問：浙江大學建筑技術研究所

總承建：中國建筑一局（集團）有限公司，中建一局華江建設有限公司結構體系：鋼筋混凝土拱殼及磚拱

材料：回收的老窯磚與新磚

場地面積：9752m2

基底面積：2920m2

總建筑面積：10,370m2

建筑高度：8m

設計時間：2016.01-2017.03

施工時間：2016.10-2020.03

繪圖：朱锫建筑事務所

攝影：是然建筑攝影，田方方，朱锫建筑事務所

Structural,MEP and Green Building:Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University Co.,Ltd Facade:Shenzhen Dadi Facade Technology Co.,Ltd.

Lighting:Ning Field Lighting Design Co.,Ltd.

Acoustic:Shenzhen Dadi Facade Technology Co.,Ltd.

General Contractor:China Construction First Group Corporation Limited,Huajiang Construction Co.,Ltd.of China Construction First Group

Structural System:Reinforced concrete arch shell and brick arch

Material:Recycled and new kiln brick masonry

Site Area:9752 m2

Built Area:2920 m2

Total Floor Area:10,370 m2

Height:8 m

Design Period:2016.01-2017.03

Construction Period:2016.10-2020.03

Completion Time:2020.03

Drawings:Studio Zhu Pei

Photos:schranimage,TIAN Fangfang,Studio Zhu Pei

（3）一個自然光的裝置：塑造一個充滿自然光的內(nèi)部空間是重要概念。首先，開放式拱體和封閉式拱體的間或布置，使人們在博物館中行走時能夠感受到光線明暗變化的節(jié)奏。其次，5 個下沉式院落將光線引入地下，完全顛覆了人們對地下空間的感受。此外，沿拱體長軸兩端的開放透明以及沿地面所切割出水平向橫縫，還有似傳統(tǒng)磚窯的觀察孔的圓柱形天窗，它們穿透拱體，星羅棋布般散落在拱頂上，所有這些特殊的開窗方式，借助建筑自身的多孔性，從不同維度、以不同的方式漫射進博物館內(nèi)部。在此，自然光成為一種媒介，將人、展品和建筑交織在一起。

結構和材料

博物館的基本結構是拱形結構體系，由兩層磚墻砌成，中間澆筑混凝土。使用回收的窯磚建造房屋是景德鎮(zhèn)的一個重要特點，因為每隔兩三年就必須拆除窯爐以保持一定的蓄熱性能?；厥盏呐f窯磚與新磚混合，反映了當?shù)氐慕ㄖ幕?。這種自然、遺址、風、光、聲、新舊材料的交織，必然激發(fā)人們的興趣與好奇，通過與人們的思維互動，創(chuàng)造新的問題，給出新的答案，不可避免地喚起人們的記憶，享受獨特的博物館體驗。過去的歷史與傳統(tǒng)不能被抹去，而是通過以新的思考和感悟來重新書寫，可謂是一種當代考古學?！?/p>

評審評語

景德鎮(zhèn)御窯博物館位于瓷都景德鎮(zhèn)歷史街區(qū)的中心，毗鄰明代御窯遺址。博物館的形式語言來自于歷史上的窯爐的形狀，建筑的某些部分由回收的窯磚建成。該項目的特別之處在于對陶瓷工業(yè)的詩意回應，以及它在周圍高密度城市中的巧妙定位，這使得場地能同時喚起本地人與游客的認同感。（母卓爾 譯）

4 剖面Section

Jingdezhen is hot in summer,people have to live utilizing shade and natural ventilation,and this is the reason why narrow alley with roof overhang and small vertical courtyard house both create shade and wind tunnels to let people feel comfortable.The long axis of eight brick vaults is arranged along the north-south direction with two ends open.The arrangement of the open vault and enclosed ones,can not only block the sunlight on the west side,but also transform each vault into a wind tunnel,allowing the cool breeze to flow in and to capture the most frequent south-north wind in summer.The five sunken courtyards of different scales create a chimney effect similar to that of the local vertical courtyards.A three-dimensional wind installation is thus formed by both the horizontal wind tunnels and the vertical chimney effect.

(3) An installation of natural light

Constructing an interior space that is full of natural light is the primary consideration.Firstly,the alternative arrangement of open vaults and enclosed vaults creates a rhythmic sensation of light and shade while walking through the museum.Secondly,the five sunken courtyards channel direct the light towards the floor,completely subverting people’s feelings of the underground space.Moreover,natural light in the interior is achieved through the openings at both ends of the vaults,the horizontal slits alongside the floor,the slits between two adjacent vaults and the cylindrical skylights.With all these special "windows" and the porosity of the building,light diffuses into the interior space through different dimensions and ways.Natural light is a medium that intertwines people,exhibits,and architecture.

5 開放的拱券View to open vaults

6 西南視角South-west view

7 地下一層平面Basement 1 plan

8 首層平面Ground floor plan

9 草圖Sketch

Structure and Materials

The basic structure of the museum is arched structure system consisting of two layers of masonry brick walls with concrete poured between them.Using recycled kiln bricks to build house is a significant character in Jingdezhen because kilns have to be demolished every two or three years to maintain a certain thermal performance.The recycled old kiln bricks are mixed with new bricks to reflect the local culture of construction.This interweaving of nature,ruins,wind,light,sound,and new and old materials is bound to spark interest,curiosity,creating new questions and give new answers by interacting with people's minds,inevitably evoking people's memories and enjoying unique experience.The past cannot be erased but is rewritten by reconstructing it with a new awareness and maturity that can be described as a kind of contemporary archaeology.□

Jury Statement

The Imperial Kiln Museum is located in the historical centre of Jingdezhen,the city of porcelain,adjacent to the Imperial Kiln Ruins of the Ming Dynasty.The museum derives its formal language from the shape of the historic kilns and was partly built of recycled bricks.Its particular quality is to be found in this poetic reference to the ceramics industry as well as in its subtle placemaking within the dense surrounding city,constituting a site of identification for locals and tourists alike.

10 序廳Foger

11 報告廳Auditorium

12 下沉庭院Sunken courtyard

13 首層固定展覽Permanent exhibition on the ground level

14 開放的拱券之間View in between open vaults