21號(hào)軌道住宅項(xiàng)目，維也納，奧地利

一對(duì)一建筑事務(wù)所

客戶：Schwarzatal -Gemeinnützige Wohnungs+association "Wohnprojekt Gleis 21" -& Siedlungsanlagen GmbH

主持建筑師：einszueins architektur

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：einszueins architektur,YEWO LANDSCAPES

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人：Markus Zilker

項(xiàng)目成員：Annegret Haider Francesca Bocchini

合作：reality lab

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：GG Ingenieure ZT GmbH,DI Kurt Pock

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師：GG Ingenieure ZT GmbH,DI Kurt Pock

顧問(wèn)：Holzforschung Austria– ?sterreichische Gesellschaft für Holzforschung,BPS Engineering,Wien

總承建：Weissenseer Holz-System-Bau GmbH

結(jié)構(gòu)和施工工藝咨詢：GG Ingenieure ZT GmbH,DI Kurt Pock

結(jié)構(gòu)體系：輕型結(jié)構(gòu)（Holzriegelbau）

材料：木混結(jié)構(gòu)

場(chǎng)地面積：1691m2

基底面積：967m2

總建筑面積：4000m2

建筑長(zhǎng)度：60m

建筑高度：16m

層數(shù)：4層+屋頂層

層高：3.0m

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2015.01-2017.11

施工時(shí)間：2017.11-2019.07

竣工時(shí)間：2019.07

繪圖：一對(duì)一建筑事務(wù)所

攝影：Hertha Hurnaus

Client:Schwarzatal -Gemeinnützige Wohnungs+association "Wohnprojekt Gleis 21" -& Siedlungsanlagen GmbH

Principal Architect:einszueins architektur

Design Team:einszueins architektur,YEWO LANDSCAPES

Principal-In-Charge:Markus Zilker

Project Member:Annegret Haider,Francesca Bocchini

Collaborator:reality lab

Structural Design:GG Ingenieure ZT GmbH,DI Kurt Pock

Structural Engineers:GG Ingenieure ZT GmbH,DI Kurt Pock

Consultants:Holzforschung Austria– ?sterreichische Gesellschaft für Holzforschung,BPS Engineering,Wien

General Contractor:Weissenseer Holz-System-Bau GmbH Structural and Construction

Consultants:GG Ingenieure ZT GmbH,DI Kurt Pock

Structural System:balloon framing (Holzriegelbau)

Material:wood-hybrid construction (wood & concrete)

Site Area:1691 m2

Built Area:967 m2

Total Floor Area:4000 m2

Length:60 m

Height:16 m

Floors:4+top floor

Floor Height:3.0 m

Design Period:2015.01-2017.11

Construction Period:2017.11-2019.07

Completion Time:2019.07

Drawings:einszueins architektur

Photos:Hertha Hurnaus

21 號(hào)軌道住宅是參與式的，從城市發(fā)展計(jì)劃到室內(nèi)插座布設(shè)與目標(biāo)住戶一起規(guī)劃而成。項(xiàng)目位于索恩溫德維爾特爾，在城市開(kāi)發(fā)新區(qū)“赫爾穆特·齊爾克公園生活區(qū)”中心，靠近維也納中央火車站。該集合住宅項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)為緊湊的零能耗住宅，采用木混結(jié)構(gòu)，并使用節(jié)能的方式建造。

21 號(hào)軌道住宅的設(shè)計(jì)概念一個(gè)重要的部分是開(kāi)放底層，區(qū)域內(nèi)的每個(gè)人都可以進(jìn)入這里。項(xiàng)目是可穿越的，以此建立了步道和公園之間的聯(lián)系。自由空間成為城市空間的延伸。所謂的“鄰里墻”變成了與鄰里溝通的地方，這里可以張貼發(fā)布活動(dòng)時(shí)間的信息，有開(kāi)放的書架，還有供人交流和逗留的空間。

首層和地下層有4 個(gè)商業(yè)區(qū)：包括供21號(hào)軌道文化協(xié)會(huì)使用的活動(dòng)室和多媒體音像室，形成了赫爾穆特·齊爾克公園城市邊界的餐飲區(qū)，以及面向步道、向地下音樂(lè)學(xué)校開(kāi)放的下沉式庭院。地上4 層為34 個(gè)居住單元，通過(guò)建筑西北側(cè)的開(kāi)敞柱廊即可到達(dá)。柱廊不僅用于進(jìn)出，還是交流和逗留的區(qū)域。由于建筑中立、靈活的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，居住單元可在用戶參與下分別布置，每個(gè)單元都有一個(gè)東南向的私人陽(yáng)臺(tái)。其中一個(gè)單元作為共享的訪客公寓。此外，5 個(gè)“彈性單元”作為供難民使用的公寓。

頂層有3 個(gè)獨(dú)立的共享亭：帶有圖書館的“休息屋”，帶有廚房和游戲室的“社區(qū)屋”以及帶有桑拿、浴缸和冥想室的“休閑屋”。屋頂上的開(kāi)放空間可邀請(qǐng)人們一道去花園、吃燒烤并享受日光浴。

公共用房按照?qǐng)F(tuán)體的需要進(jìn)行選擇和詳細(xì)規(guī)劃。除私人生活空間外，大量的共享區(qū)域?yàn)楣埠蛡€(gè)人使用提供了空間，這是項(xiàng)目公共方面的重點(diǎn)：從公共廚房到頂樓上的圖書館和桑拿房，再到地下的工作室、音像室、洗衣房和健身房。

Gleis 21 was planned in a participatory manner with the future residents,from urban development to the socket outlet.The property is located in the Sonnwendviertel,in the center of the new urban development area "Leben am Helmut Zilk Park" near Vienna Central Station ("Hauptbahnhof Wien").The co-housing project was designed as a compact,zeroenergy house ("Niedrigstenergiehaus") in a woodhybrid construction and was built in a resources saving way.

An important part of the concept of Gleis 21 is the open ground floor,which is accessible to everyone in the quarter.It is designed to be permeable and creates a connection between the promenade and the park.The free space is formulated as an extension of the urban space.The so-called "neighborhood wall" ("Nachbarschaftswand") becomes a communication area with the neighbourhood.Event dates are posted here,an open bookcase is ready,there is space for exchange and linger.

There are four commercial areas on the ground floor and basement:an event room and a media studio,which are used amongst others by the Gleis 21 cultural association,and a restaurant area that forms the urban edge to the Helmut-Zilk-Park.A sunken courtyard facing the promenade opens up to a music school in the basement.The 34 residential units on the four upper floors are accessed through an open portico on the north-west side of the building.This is not only used to access,but is also designed as a communication and lingering area.Due to the neutral and flexible basic structure of the building,the residential units could be planned individually with the users and each have a south-east-facing private balcony.One of the units is shared as a guest apartment.In addition,five 'flex units' are made available to refugees as apartments.

1.2 外景Exterior views

3 總平面Site plan

4 單元平面Unit plan

21 號(hào)軌道住宅的建設(shè)組織基于如下3 個(gè)原則：“團(tuán)結(jié)生活”“適當(dāng)享受”和“通過(guò)媒體創(chuàng)造”。團(tuán)結(jié)的方式有很多，從鄰里互助到為個(gè)體提供的團(tuán)結(jié)基金，還包括以公寓的形式提供幫助，這些公寓的費(fèi)用由居民承擔(dān)，并與“迪亞科尼難民服務(wù)處”合作提供給難民。與“橙色廣播電臺(tái)”“Okto TV”電視臺(tái)和“維也納城市電影院”的合作有助于塑造該區(qū)的文化、媒體和社會(huì)生活：媒體工作室與活動(dòng)室相連，也可出租，并可根據(jù)需要使用。21 號(hào)軌道住宅自己的文化協(xié)會(huì)組織了一個(gè)定期的文化項(xiàng)目，專為該地區(qū)策劃了吸引人的戲劇表演、閱讀、工作坊和音樂(lè)會(huì)。朝向公園的餐廳目前由一個(gè)藝術(shù)家團(tuán)體使用，他們?cè)谶@里經(jīng)營(yíng)了一家咖啡廳。地下的音樂(lè)學(xué)校增強(qiáng)了該區(qū)的文化可能性。□（王惠 譯）

評(píng)審評(píng)語(yǔ)

項(xiàng)目介于新區(qū)和老城之間。居民參與貫徹項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。居民不但擁有住房，而且參與運(yùn)營(yíng)和管理，避免了住房者在一般住宅開(kāi)發(fā)中被資本盤剝，并且解決了部分難民的收容問(wèn)題。住宅體現(xiàn)了合作精神，除了有不同家庭的公寓之外，功能上還設(shè)有可以滿足當(dāng)?shù)匾魳?lè)學(xué)校活動(dòng)的公共空間、商店、公共廚房、圖書室、桑拿、工坊、工作室、健身房等。項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)新性地采用了預(yù)制混合木結(jié)構(gòu)，節(jié)省了建造時(shí)間，減少了施工產(chǎn)生的噪音和灰塵。同時(shí)，住宅周圍營(yíng)造了宜人的戶外活動(dòng)環(huán)境。這一合作住宅項(xiàng)目保障了技術(shù)和社會(huì)的可持續(xù)性。

There are three free-standing pavilions on the top floor,all of which are shared:The "Ruhehaus" (rest house) with a library,the "Gemeinschaftshaus" (community house) with kitchen and play room and the "Entspannungshaus" (relaxation house) with sauna,bathtub and meditation room.The open spaces on the roof invite you to garden,grill and sunbathe together.

The selection and detailed planning of the common rooms followed the needs of the group.In addition to the private living space,the extensive shared areas offer space for common and individual use and represent the focus of the communal aspect of the project:from the communal kitchen to the library and sauna in the attic to the workshop,studio,laundry room and fitness room in the basement.

The residential project Gleis 21 and its housing group are based on three principles:"living in solidarity","enjoying properly" and "creating through media".Solidarity is found in many ways,from mutual neighborhood help to a solidarity fund for situations of personal distress.It is also sought after in the form of the flex units,the costs of which are borne by the residents and which are given to refugees in cooperation with the "Diakonie Flüchtlingsdienst".The cooperation with radio station "Radio Orange",TV-station "Okto TV" and the cinema "Stadtkino Wien helps to shape the cultural,media and social life of the quarter:The media workshop is linked to the event room,which can also be rented,and can be activated as required.The cultural association Gleis 21 organizes a regular cultural program tailored to the area with appealing theater performances,readings,workshops and concerts.The restaurant,which is oriented towards the park,is currently being used by an artist collective that runs a cafe here.The music school in the basement enhances the cultural possibilities in the quarter.□

Jury Statement

The project is located in the Wiener Neustadt,between District 10 and Old Town.Inhabitants took part in the project planning and design process.They not only own their apartments,but also participate in its operation and management,so as to avoid being exploited by capital in the general housing development.This,furthermore,partly solves the problem of receiving refugees.The housing project embodies the spirit of cooperation.In addition to apartments for different families,it also features public spaces for local music school activities,shops,public kitchens,libraries,saunas,workshops,studios,gyms,etc.The innovative utilization of prefabricated mixed timber structures saved building time and reduced noise and dust from the construction.In the meantime,the project is surrounded by a pleasant environment for outdoor activities,ensuring technical and social sustainability.(Translated by Dandan Wang)

5-8 概念示意Concept diagrams

9 立面Elevations

10 剖面Sections

11 頂層平面Roof floor plan

12 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層平面Standard floor plan

13 首層平面Ground floor plan

14-16 參與建造過(guò)程Participation process under construction

17 共享廚房Community kitchen

18 走廊Portico

19 外景Exterior view