卡索應(yīng)急景觀，奧洛特，西班牙

愛德華·卡里斯，吉列姆·莫里納；奎姆·多梅訥

客戶：奧洛特市政廳

主持建筑師：unparelld'arquitectes | Eduard Callís,Guillem Moliner; 視覺藝術(shù)家 | Quim Domene

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：Clàudia Calvet,Xevi Rodeja,Sara Palmada,Sergi Jiménez

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：Amaia López

總承建：Construo Construccions Generals

結(jié)構(gòu)體系：原有扶壁，承重墻，圓拱頂

材料：空心磚

場地面積：298m2

基底面積：82m2

建筑長度：13.5m

建筑高度：12.5m

造價(jià)：30,200EUR

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2018，4個(gè)月

施工時(shí)間：2018-2019，4個(gè)月

竣工時(shí)間：2019.03

Client:Olot Town Hall

Principal Architects:Eduard Callís,Guillem Moliner/unparelld'arquitectes

Visual Artist:Quim Domene

Design Team:Clàudia Calvet,Xevi Rodeja,Sara Palmada,Sergi Jiménez

Structural Design:Amaia López

General Contractor:Construo Construccions Generals

Structural System:Existing buttresses,load-bearing walls,vaults

Material:Hollow brick

Built Area:82 m2

Length:13.5 m

Height:12.5 m

Cost:30,200 EUR

Design Period:2018,4 months

Construction Period:2018-2019,4 months

Completion Time:2019.03

在奧洛特的城市歷史中心區(qū)，拆遷非常普遍。盡管結(jié)果相同，原因卻是多樣的：地段的廢棄，城市性的喪失，街道的損毀，普通景觀的破壞。卡索住宅的一半受到街道排布的影響，被徹底拆除，留下一塊城市空地。這塊空地上有一道分隔墻和4 個(gè)階梯狀扶壁，正對(duì)著守護(hù)神教堂的側(cè)立面。

第一，往大處想——定義一個(gè)更加寬泛的問題，不斷地問“這個(gè)問題背后更大的問題是什么？”和“我們要達(dá)到的更好的效果是什么？”讓思維獲得更多的自由，從而想出更多的解決方案。第二，換位思考——進(jìn)入你想模仿的人或公司的思維模式，重新審視遇到的問題，放開平常的限制，會(huì)發(fā)掘出新的、未想到過的解決方法。第三，強(qiáng)加約束——給現(xiàn)狀引入一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的限制，探索這樣做能帶來什么樣的好處。第四，選擇構(gòu)架——怎么創(chuàng)造一種環(huán)境，讓人們在這種環(huán)境中選擇我們想要他們采取的行動(dòng)。

考慮到路面工程的要求和一項(xiàng)正在推進(jìn)的防水金屬涂層的合約，項(xiàng)目重新制定了任務(wù)書。除保證分隔墻的防水性能外，還迫切需要使空間具有城市性。在緊湊的城市中，立面有責(zé)任賦予街道以形狀和特征。

一個(gè)應(yīng)急景觀被建立起來，它使扶壁所暗示的空間得以完形，還在背景中展現(xiàn)了分隔墻所體現(xiàn)的原有家庭活動(dòng)的痕跡。這一由3 個(gè)拱頂和4 個(gè)壁龕形成的構(gòu)筑物，作為多孔立面被提供給公共空間，同時(shí)還有少許看臺(tái)。這是一個(gè)未完成的可變結(jié)構(gòu)，為城市生活提供了布景。

這一干預(yù)反映了城市是在其自身地層上持續(xù)建造的結(jié)果，并與此前所有的地層相關(guān)。應(yīng)急景觀講述了一個(gè)虛幻、具有象征性的故事，重新定義了這個(gè)廢棄空間。

主體結(jié)構(gòu)采用空心磚和石灰砂漿灰縫：適合用一層并借助腳手架完成承重墻和拱頂。這也是一種常見的結(jié)果，雇傭當(dāng)?shù)氐钠龃u工人即可完成。保留下來的鋼材被用于支撐拱頂、支架及一對(duì)鋼筋柱。

視覺藝術(shù)家奎姆·多梅訥設(shè)計(jì)的印花玻璃板與壁龕中的內(nèi)容，源于一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果，意在恢復(fù)對(duì)手工業(yè)和商業(yè)在早期城鎮(zhèn)核心區(qū)中的重要作用的記憶，其中包括由當(dāng)?shù)匮b飾家薩杜爾尼· 布魯內(nèi)特（1886-1958）設(shè)計(jì)的幾何馬賽克圖案、18 世紀(jì)當(dāng)?shù)丶徔棌S生產(chǎn)的印花織物設(shè)計(jì)，以及一系列占據(jù)這一地區(qū)建筑底層的店鋪和作坊。

Demolitions are common in the historic center of Olot.For different reasons,the same consequences:abandoned lots,loss of urbanity,disfigurement of the street,destruction of the ordinary landscape.Given that half of the Can Sau.house was affected by street alignment,it was all demolished,leaving an urban void characterized by a party wall and four stepped buttresses that faced the side fa?ade of the church of the patron saint.

Upon request for a pavement project and an ongoing contract for a waterproof metal cladding,the assignment was reformulated.It was urgent to endow the space with urbanity,apart from guaranteeing the waterproof qualities of the party wall.In the compact city,the fa?ades take responsibility for giving shape and character to the street.

An emergency scenery was built,that completes what the buttresses suggest,revealing in the background the traces of domestic activity marked on the party wall.A construction of three vaults and four niches is offered to the public space as a porous fa?ade,accompanied by a minimum of stands.It is an unfinished and appropriable structure,a scenographic support for urban life.

The intervention recognizes that the city is the result of continued construction on its own stratum and gives relevance to a conglomerate of previous layers.Emergency Scenery tells an unreal,symbolic story that requalifies this abandoned space.

1 街道景觀的歷史照片Historic photo of streetscape

2 卡索住宅因道路排布被拆除Half of the Can Sau.house was affected by street alignment,it was all demolished

3 街景Streetscape

4 細(xì)部Detail

5 卡索應(yīng)急景觀Can Sau.Emergency Scenery

繪圖：unparelld'arquitectes

攝影：José Hevia,Roger Serrat-Calvó,Esteve Moner,1904（Arxiu Comarcal de la Garrotxa.Collecció d'imatges de Josep Ma.Dou Camps）

Drawings:unparelld' arquitectes

Photos:José Hevia,Roger Serrat-Calvó,Esteve Moner,1904 (Arxiu Comarcal de la Garrotxa.Collecció d' imatges de Josep Ma.Dou Camps)

被限定在狹窄街道之間的圖拉教堂，如今獲得了一個(gè)由建于15 世紀(jì)的神殿的磚門重新定義的公共空間。原本被廢棄的土地，現(xiàn)在變成了能激發(fā)活動(dòng)的市民空間。這向重振歷史中心最衰落地段的目標(biāo)更進(jìn)了一步。在不長的時(shí)間里，已有兩個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)氐膮f(xié)會(huì)將其作為慶典活動(dòng)的室外空間。當(dāng)然，這個(gè)建筑不受既定用途約束，它允許多種解讀，決定權(quán)在于市民的喜好和經(jīng)歷。每個(gè)人心中都有自己的卡索。□（王惠 譯）

評(píng)審評(píng)語

加泰羅尼亞奧洛特市的歷史中心受到經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的影響而衰落，冰冷的交通規(guī)劃也在這里留下了痕跡。卡索項(xiàng)目是一個(gè)極小的干預(yù)，它將住宅樓被部分拆除后相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)變成了有多種使用方式的開放場景：作為舞臺(tái)或者簡單的平臺(tái)，用于戲劇、音樂、演講和其他非正式的聚會(huì)活動(dòng)。項(xiàng)目應(yīng)對(duì)了城市肌理不連續(xù)的挑戰(zhàn)，通過簡單的方式和富有智慧的建筑把一個(gè)被遺忘的角落變成了一個(gè)臨時(shí)的公共空間，這里充滿城市的氛圍與市民的優(yōu)雅。

6 平立剖組合Combination of plan,elevations,section

The main structures are defined with hollow brick and lime mortar joint:it is appropriate to complete the load-bearing walls and solve the vaults with one layer and the help of a falsework.It is also a common product that allows local bricklayers to be employed.The steel is reserved for the support of the vaults,the braces and the pair of reinforcement pillars.

The screen-printed glass panels and the performances in the niches,by the visual artist Quim Domene,are the result of an investigation to recover the memory of the important role that crafts and commerce had in the original nucleus of the town.They include geometric mosaic patterns by the local decorator Sadurní Brunet (1886-1958),printed fabric designs produced in the local textile industry in the 18th century or a list of shops and workshops that occupied the ground floors of this area.

The Tura church,confined between narrow streets,now gains a public space,presided by the blinded door of the previous temple of the XV century.What was an abandoned lot is now a civic space that begins to catalyze activity.It is one more step to recolonize the most degraded part of the historic centre.In a short time,two local associations already use it as an outdoor room for celebrations.Surely,the appropriation of the structure transcends use because it allows multiple readings,depending on the affinities and experiences of citizens.There is a Can Sau for each person.□

7 細(xì)部Detail

8 街景Streetscape

9 拆除前的卡索住宅Can Sau.before its demolition

10 依據(jù)規(guī)劃的街道排布發(fā)生了變化Street alignment according to planning

11 拆除后出現(xiàn)的空地Vacant lot after demolition

12 應(yīng)急景觀Emergency scenery

13 應(yīng)急景觀用于演出Emergency scenery as a stage

Jury Statement

The historical centre of the city of Olot in Catalonia is affected by economic crises and carries the traces of unsympathetic traffic planning.Can Sau is a minimal intervention which uses the temporary structural stabilisation of a housing terrace and turns it into an open scene that can be adapted in several ways:as a stage or just a platform and background for theatre,music,speech and other informal meetings and events.Emerging out of the specifically difficult situation of urban discontinuity,this project uses simple means and intelligent architecture to turn a forgotten situation into an instant public space that carries atmosphere,urban feeling and civic grace.