CKK Jordanki 文化和會議中心波蘭托倫

2022-04-22 09:22:10卡羅琳娜·米西亞克,尤姆·卡桑耶,哈維爾·埃斯皮雷斯

世界建筑導報 2022年1期

關鍵詞：工藝混凝土建筑

業主：圖倫市政廳

建筑師：費爾南多·梅尼斯

建筑設計團隊：卡羅琳娜·米西亞克、尤姆·卡桑耶、哈維爾·埃斯皮雷斯。

功能：文化（音樂會、表演藝術）和會議

m2地塊：46,971平方米

建造：21,837平方米

造價：51,025,731歐元

結構：鋼筋混凝土和鋼結構

材料：混凝土和再生紅磚

日期：2008年比賽；2011年設計；2013-2015年建造

Client:City Hall Torun

Architect:Fernando Menis

Architectural Design team:Karolina Mysiak,Jaume Cassanyer,Javier Espílez.Program:Cultural (Concerts,Performative Arts) and Conventions

Plot m2:46,971 m2

Built:21,837 m2

Cost:51,025,731 Euros

Structure:Reinforced concrete and steel

Materials:Concrete and recycled red brick

Dates: 2008 Competition; 2011 Design;2013-2015:Construction

尊重環境并與之融合

CKK Jordanki 音樂廳位于歷史悠久的市中心周圍的綠環內，俯瞰著維斯瓦拉河。為了使新建筑在自然環境和建筑環境中顯得和諧，在設計體量的方向和高度時需要特別小心。因此，該建筑只占據了場地的一半，另一半則留作公園，并且高度盡可能低，以避免遮擋河上的景觀。所達到的視覺效果是一個自然物體，一塊臥于緩坡草甸上的天然巖石。

另一方面，物質性是指托倫的哥特式遺產，這是一座受聯合國教科文組織保護的城市，其中幾乎所有老城區的外墻都以紅磚裝飾。CKK Jordanki 音樂廳的外部是由白色混凝土制成的，與切面形成鮮明對比，可以看到由碎磚制成的紅色內襯。Jordanki CKK音樂廳中使用的磚塊是對傳統磚塊的重新詮釋，是對托倫市外墻的引用，說到底是對其文化遺產的引用。

靈活設計

該項目的特點是具有極大的靈活性，根據客戶的概要，這座建筑原本只是一個音樂廳，但在相同的初始預算情況下，最終成為舉辦各種音樂會和活動的空間。首先，劇院空間能夠輕松容納不同的觀眾量。例如，可以通過移動墻壁和改變易拆卸的座位的數量來連接兩個空間充當主劇院。可以同時舉辦多場獨立的活動。其次，由于其天花板是活動的，可以對建筑進行調整，以有效地承接交響樂表演、室內樂、劇院、歌劇和電影放映，并滿足劇院設計師的任何聲學要求。最后，音樂廳可以向外開放，可將室內舞臺與室外公園連接起來進行室外演出。

Respectful integration with the environment

CKK Jordanki is located within a green ring around the historic city center,overlooking the Vistula River.Therefore,special care was took in designing the orientation and height of the volumes so that the presence of the new building establishes a harmonious relationship with the natural and built environment.Thus the building occupies half of the plot,the other half being dedicated to park and the height is kept as low as possible,to avoid blocking the view over the river.The visual effect achieved is that of a natural object,a rock embedded in a gently sloping meadow.

On the other hand,the materiality refers Torun's Gothic legacy,an UNESCO protected city,in which almost all the fa?ades of the old town boast of red brick.CKK Jordanki's outside is made of white concrete in contrast to the cuts in the skin that give a glimpse of the red inner lining,made of crushed brick.The use of brick in Jordanki CKK is a contemporary reinterpretation of the traditional brick,is a reference to Torún's fa?ades,and ultimately to its cultural heritage.

Flexible program

The program is characterized by a great flexibility at such extent that a building,which according to the client's brief,was meant to be only a concerts hall,ended up being a space for all kinds of concerts and events,within the same initial budget.First of all,the theatre space is able to adapt easily to different capacities.For instance you may join two rooms to act as the main theatre by moving the walls and changing the number of the easily removable seats.It is possible to hold several separate and simultaneous events.Secondly,thanks to its dynamic ceiling,the building can be tuned to effectively absorb symphonic performances,chamber,theatre,opera,and film and meet any acoustic requirements the theatre designer requires.Finally,the concert hall can open to the outside,allowing to join the interior stage with the park outside for outdoor performances.

? Jakub Certowicz

循環利用和創新：picado 工藝

用于整個建筑的picado 工藝，這種工藝是指將混凝土與其他材料以特定方式混合。用于CKK Jordanki 音樂廳的picado工藝，要么是與當地工廠（Ceramsus）的再生紅磚混合以達到聲音反射效果；要么用的是來自中國的火山紅石以達到吸音效果。picado 工藝是由費爾南多·梅尼斯提出的一項創新技術，包括將混凝土與其他材料混合后再打碎。除了能表現一種粗獷，picado 工藝還可以提供出色的聲學效果。梅尼斯第一次使用它是在Magma 藝術與會議中心（加那利群島特內里費，2005），將混凝土與當地的火山石進行了混合。對于CKK Jordanki 音樂廳來說，這項工藝已經分別由西班牙和波蘭建筑研究所ITB 進行了進一步的研究、測試和認證。幾乎城市的所有外墻上都有紅磚的身影，其在CKK Jordanki 音樂廳中的應用，是梅尼斯是對這種傳統材料的當代詮釋，同時也是對該鎮文化遺產的明確引用。

Recycling and innovation:picado

Picado,used in the entire building,is a mix of concrete and other materials.At CKK Jordanki,it was mixed either with reclaimed red bricks from a local factory (Ceramsus) for the sound reflection effect;either with a volcanic reddish stone from China,for its sound absorbtion effect.The picado is an innovative technique,conceived by Fernando Menis,consisting of mixing concrete with other materials and break it afterwards.Besides achieving a rough expression,the picado allows excellent acoustics results.The first time Menis used it,was for Magma Art &Congress (Tenerife,Canary Islands,2005),by mixing concrete with local volcanic stones.For the CKK Jordanki,the technique has been researched further,tested and certified by the Spanish and the Polish Building Research Institute-ITB,respectively.The red brick is present almost on all the fa?ades of the city and its use in CKK Jordanki is Menis's contemporary reinterpretation of this traditional material while a clear reference to the town's cultural heritage.

Acoustics system

The definition of the auditorium space and of its shapes was made through an interactive process,always in relation to acoustics,until reaching the final shape.The plastic properties of concrete allows its use in concert halls in many different ways because it allows you to control the geometry (liquid stone) and adapt its shape to the formwork so that you can control the first sound reflections the listener received.In addition,the surface treatment of the crushed brick and concrete mix,allowed us a kind of diffusion,very difficult to achieve with other materials.

? Jakub Certowicz

聲學系統

禮堂的空間及其形狀是在與聲學有關的互動過程中確定的。由于混凝土具有塑性特性，在音樂廳中有多種不同的使用方式，可以通過控制幾何結構（水泥漿）并使其形狀適應模板，來控制聽眾收到的第一個聲音反射。此外，碎磚與混凝土混合物經表面處理后能實現一種擴散性，其他材料很難達到這一點。

禮堂可移動部分的面積從80 到140 平方米不等，重量也有所不同，從11 到20 噸不等。每部分都可以在3 至5 米的高度上獨立移動，可根據具體需要調整大廳的幾何形狀和體量，將8200 立方米的體量轉變為6800 立方米，混響時間由1.85 秒減少到1.35 秒。通過增加額外的吸收功能，可以達到1.2 秒的混響時間，涵蓋所有可能的活動：交響樂1.85 秒，歌劇1.6 秒，劇場1.2 秒。

The moving parts of the auditorium have an area ranging from 80 to 140 m2,having a weight that varies according to the piece,from 11 to 20Tn.Each of the pieces can move independently from 3 to 5 m in height,allowing adjustment of the geometry and volume of the hall,depending on the needs of each moment,transforming a volume of 8200 m3with a time reverberation of 1.85 seconds,into a volume of 6,800 m3,with a reverberation time reduced down to 1.35 seconds.By adding additional absorption you could reach a reverberation time of 1.2 seconds,which covers the entire range of possible activities: 1.85 seconds for symphonic music,1.6 seconds for opera and 1.2 seconds for theater.