LEGACY ER醫院美國得州艾倫市

業主單位：LEGACY ER 醫院&緊急救護所

設計團隊：Yen Ong,Christine Robbins-Elrod,Paul Merrill,Josh Allen

合作單位：Ink+Oro 創意設計公司，SMR 景觀建筑師事務所

項目面積：860 平方米

項目竣工：2014 年

項目攝影:邁克爾·莫蘭

Client:Legacy ER &Urgent Care

Design architect/design team:Yen Ong,Christine Robbins-Elrod,Paul Merrill,Josh Allen

Collaborators/consultants:Ink+Oro Creatives,SMR Landscape Architects

Size:860 sqm

Year of completion:2014

Photographer:Michael Moran

位于得克薩斯州艾倫市的Legacy ER醫院旨在推進社區獲得優質的醫療保健服務。運營著包括提供緊急護理和全天候急診服務的混合項目，這座8432平方英尺大小的建筑內設置有緊急護理檢查室、治療室、行政辦公室和臨床工作人員相關區域。作為醫生身份的業主要求設計師精心設計，盡可能體現醫院的身份，并提高社區內部的醫療保健服務品質。通過將建筑的重點放在患者和員工，提升醫療保健服務品質，并使他們在涉及緊急醫療情況的情緒困擾中得到喘息。

Legacy ER醫院的設計力求捕獲急診醫療專業人員及其所代表品牌的雙重角色，從而向外反映急診醫學實踐所需的知識、技能、精確度和決斷力，向內反映作為醫護人員應當具備的溫和、善解人意、人道主義等多種品質。簡單地通過建筑蒙太奇（外部為大幅折彎的鋅板，內部為輕柔雕刻的抹灰板）滿足業主的要求。

通過觀察標準住宅屋頂平面來定義該建筑的清晰邊緣輪廓，并獲得了新的構造表達方法，實現以程序化驅動的方式圍繞建筑進行改造。鋅是一種最具可持續性的建筑金屬，因其在得克薩斯州極端天氣事件中固有的灰藍暖色和韌性而被選中。采用立縫屋面的普通聯鎖方法，根據折疊平面的平面參數繪制鋅板示意圖，在優化遮陽的同時確定最終的圖案結構。而且，漸變網孔板也被映射至外表面，從而實現建筑的漫射照明效果。

與外部精確的幾何形狀相比，內部空間旨在使邊緣模糊化，并柔和地接收自然光和人造光。視野、體量和光線是貫穿整個建筑的元素。這三種元素的大氣質量組合和相互作用可以隨著自然氣候條件的變化使內部空間不斷變化，并極具詩意地將用戶與自然聯系在一起。在循環系統的戰略交匯處，天窗形成了一套樸素而實用的導向系統。內部天窗的細節可解讀為將外膜刺穿并與之縫合為一體的無框窗孔。拋光混凝土地板混合物中的鏡面聚合體和磨砂玻璃板反射光線和戶外自然色彩，并在入住過程中營造出令人愉悅的平靜體驗。

在一個以前開放的牧場上，周圍環繞著商業驅動的郊區住宅區、連鎖店和帶狀中心，Legacy ER醫院通過建筑干預打破了長期昏昏欲睡的環境，這種環境缺乏地方認同感，試圖對其地段界線以外的環境產生積極影響。景觀設計策略旨在調和當地普遍存在的自然和建筑環境。

Legacy ER醫院的可持續場地策略包括提供植被開放空間區域（幾乎為艾倫市所需植物開放空間區域的三倍）和景觀設計（僅包括本地植被、適存植被以及限制室外用水的高效灌溉系統）。設計團隊選擇使用需水量小的耐旱植被，如雪松、榆樹、粉黛亂子草、彎葉畫眉草和野牛草。在草坪草消耗大量飲用水的地區，限制使用草坪草（以及使用（鋪設草坪地區的）野牛草）不失為一個符合未來發展、極具吸引力的環境友好型景觀美化示例。利用小流量管道設備和小流量水龍頭起泡器進一步減少整個建筑的用水。

建筑圍護結構旨在利用被動式太陽能設計方案，更加節能。朝南的入口四周布滿大幅玻璃，以便陽光照入建筑，同時大面積的懸挑屋頂挑檐和玻璃較小的太陽能得熱系數限制了直射日照得熱的吸收。東側立面只有在室外溫度較低的早晨才能接收直射陽光，也有寬大的玻璃窗，有一個5英尺高的懸挑。受到午后刺眼陽光的直射，因此西側立面的玻璃作用非常有限，而且穿孔金屬懸挑可以在保證采光及欣賞戶外景觀的同時，保護診斷室的玻璃免受直射日照得熱和強光的影響。間接光照的建筑北側設有一個巨幅天窗，即使在沒有直射日照得熱的情況下陽光也可以灑滿建筑內部。針對該項目實施的其他能效策略包括使用高反照率屋面、為室內外照明安裝節能熒光燈和LED燈具。

該建筑的設計和建造符合甚至超出了得克薩斯州衛生服務部《獨立緊急醫療護理設施許可規則》的高標準。機械系統的設計和安裝旨在提供優質的室內空氣，這一點在醫療保健行業至關重要。已經明確指定采用低排放材料有助于保持健康的室內空氣，并對內部建筑細節進行了精心設計，以防止污垢、細菌及其他潛在有害顆粒的傳播或積聚。已經明確使用易于維護、蘊含能源較少、使用壽命較長的耐用材料。

艾倫市的Legacy ER醫院，其質量，無論是從美學角度來看，還是從實用角度來看，都意在為未來幾年的緊急醫療建筑領域樹立典范。通過引入能夠反映以社區為中心的獨立緊急醫療設施定位的建筑詩意，獨特的建筑改變了自身所在的社區并超越了項目本身。

Legacy ER in Allen,Texas aims to advance community access to high-quality healthcare services.Running a hybrid program comprising of urgent care and 24/7 emergency room functions,the 8,432-square-foot building containing urgent care exam and treatment rooms,along with administrative offices and clinical staff areas.The physician-owners asked the designers to craft the architecture to be a potent reflection of the organization’s identity and to elevate the quality of healthcare delivery within the community.By focusing the architecture on the patient and the staff,the quality of healthcare delivery is elevated and provides respite from the emotional distress relating to emergency medical situations.

The design of Legacy ER seeks to capture the dual role of its emergency medical professionals and the brand they represent,projecting outwardly the knowledge,skill,precision,and decisiveness necessary for the practice of emergency medicine,and reflecting inwardly the gentle,empathic,and humanistic qualities of the persons beneath the robe.It is realized simply through an architectural montage of sharply folded exterior robe of zinc panels and softly sculpted interior plastered planes.

The building's crisp edge profile was defined through an observation of the typical residential roof planes and was given a new tectonic vocabulary which enabled its programmatically driven transformation around the building.Zinc,the most sustainably sourced metal for construction,was selected for its inherent greyish-blue warmth and resiliency during extreme Texas weather events.Using the ordinary interlocking method of a standing seam roof,the zinc panels were diagrammed in accordance with the planar parameters of the folded planes to achieve the eventual patterning while optimizing solar shading.Gradient perforated panels were likewise mapped onto the exterior surfaces to allow for the diffusive building lighting effects.

In contrast to the precise geometry of the exterior,the interior spaces are designed to blur edges and to receive natural and artificial light softly.Views,volume,and light are elements that get repeated throughout the building.The atmospheric quality combination and interplay of these three elements continually morph the interior in response to the natural climatic conditions and poetically links the users to nature.At strategic intersections of the circulatory loop,skylights form a sensible system of wayfinding.The detailing of the interior skylights read as frameless apertures that puncture and stitch with the exterior membrane.The mirror aggregates in the polished concrete floor mix and the frosted glass panes reflect light and outdoor natural colors and create a pleasantly calming experience during the check-in process.

On a previously open pasture surrounded by commercially driven suburban residential subdivisions,chain stores,and strip centers,Legacy ER-Allen challenges the chronically lethargic context which lack identity of place through an architectural intervention that seeks to positively influence the environment beyond its lot line.The landscape design strategies aim to reconcile nature and constructed settings prevalent to the locality.

Sustainable site strategies for Legacy ER included providing almost three times the area of vegetated open space that was required by the City of Allen,a landscape design which includes only native and adapted vegetation,and a high efficiency irrigation system that will limit outdoor water use.The team chose to use low water use,drought-tolerant vegetation species such as Cedar Elm trees,Pink Muhly Grass,Weeping Lovegrass,and Buffalograss.In a region where turf grass lawns consume large quantities of potable water,the limited use of turf grass (and the use of buffalo grass where turf grass is installed) provides an example of attractive and environmentally responsible landscaping for future developments.Potable water is further conserved through low-flow plumbing fixtures and low-flow faucet aerators throughout the building.

The building envelope was designed to take advantage of passive solar design strategies so that it would be more energy efficient.The south-facing entry is surrounded by expansive glazing that allows daylight to penetrate deep into the building while limiting direct solar heat gain due to the extensive cantilevered roof overhangs and low solar heat gain coefficient of the glazing.The east facade,which only receives direct sunlight during the morning when outdoor temperatures are lower,also has expansive glazing with a generous 5-foot overhang.Due to its exposure to the harsh afternoon sun,the west facade has very limited glazing,and a perforated metal overhang shields the exam room glazing from direct solar heat gain and glare while still allowing in daylight and views to the outdoors.The north side of the building,which benefits from indirect light,includes an expansive skylight that blankets the interior core of the building with daylight without the disadvantage of direct solar heat gain.Other energy efficiency strategies implemented on the project include the use of high albedo roofing and the installation of energy-efficient fluorescent and LED light fixtures for interior and exterior lighting.

The building was designed and constructed to meet and exceed the high standards of the Texas Department of State Health Services’ Freestanding Emergency Medical Care Facilities Licensing Rules.The mechanical system was designed and installed to provide a high level of indoor air quality,which is particularly important in a healthcare environment.Low-emitting materials were specified to contribute toward a healthy indoor air quality,and interior architectural details were carefully designed to discourage the spread or accumulation of dirt,bacteria,and other potentially harmful particulate matter.Materials were specified to be durable and easy to maintain,to have a low embodied energy,and to have a long useful life cycle.

With the Legacy ER at Allen building,the quality of the architecture,in aesthetic and pragmatic terms alike,was intended to set a paradigm of emergency medical care architecture for years to come.The distinctive architecture has transformed the community it entered and transcended the program by introducing the architectural poetics reflecting upon the position a community-centric freestanding emergency medical care facility.

平面圖 plan

鋅材展開示意圖 unfold zinc diagram