Nation Leads Way With Renewable Energy

王靜靜

Supported by full supply chains and robust policy mea? sures， China has achieved leapfrog development in renew? able energy in recent years， with its installed capacity rank ? ing top globally.

After years of development， the nation is the worlds largest producer of wind and solar power， as well as the larg? est domestic and outbound investor in renewable energy， ac ? cording to the National Energy Administration.

In the past 10 years， total installed capacity for renew? able energy generation in China rose to 1.1 billion kilowatts， with generation capacity of hydropower， wind， solar and bio ? mass ranking top worldwide. The combined installed capaci? ty of wind and solar power has reached 670 million kilowatts， almost 90 times the level in 2012， the administration said.

During the 14th Five- Year Plan （2021-25） period， Chinas renewable energy generation capacity is expected to account for more than 50 percent of the total， and the gen? eration capacity for wind and solar power will be doubled， further cementing the nations role as a global leader in re? newable energy capacity growth， according to the adminis ? tration.

Wei Hanyang， a power market analyst at research com? pany BloombergNEF， said part of the reason for this rapid

近年來，在全供應鏈和強有力政策措施的支持下，中國在可再生能源領域實現了跨越式發展，可再生能源裝機容量居全球首位。

據國家能源局介紹，經過多年發展，中國已成為全球最大的風能和太陽能生產國，在國內外的可再生能源投資規模最大。

十年間，中國可再生能源發電總裝機達到11億千瓦，水電、風電、光伏發電、生物質發電裝機規模穩居世界第一。其中，風電光伏并網裝機合計6.7億千瓦，是2012年的近90倍。

國家能源局表示，“十四五”期間，可再生能源發電量增量在全社會用電量增量中的占比預計將超過50%，風電和太陽能發電量實現翻倍，將進一步鞏固中國在可再生能源發展領域的世界領先位置。

調查公司彭博新能源財經電力市場分析師魏漢陽表示，中國可再生能源的快速發展部分歸功于國內

development is Chinas unparalleled advantages in boosting clean power installation due to massive demand from the do? mestic market. State-owned grid operators have also made ef? forts to ensure renewables are consumed， rather than wasted.

“Renewable energy has become the principal source of the countrys newly added installed generation capacity in re? cent years， especially solar and wind power. China leads glob? ally in installed capacities for wind， photovoltaic， hydro and biomass power， as it presses ahead with a green development path，”Wei said.

He believes the nations renewable energy sector will see steady growth and that solar power， in particular， will wit? ness further widespread installations.

Chinas rapid development of renewable energy has also attracted multinationals. Shell plc， SABIC and Honeywell have announced plans in recent years to invest in the nations renewable energy sector due to its rapid growth momentum and huge potential. Global energy and chemical giants are drawing up local plans that cover a broad range of subsectors such as petrochemicals， hydrogen， vehicle charging stations and carbon capture， utilization and storage， or CCUS.

Shell plc， which is based in London， has steadily invest? ed in Chinas renewable energy market in recent years. Part of the companys blueprint is to expand its hydrogen footprint in the country by building a network of hydrogen refueling sta? tions in Shanghai — Shells first hydrogen refueling net? work in Asia — in cooperation with State- owned enterprise Shenergy Group Co.

市場的巨大需求，中國在推動清潔能源建設方面具 有無可比擬的優勢。此外，國有電力運營商努力確 保可再生能源的利用，避免資源浪費。

魏漢陽稱：“近年來，可再生能源已成為中國新 增電力主力，尤其是太陽能和風能。隨著中國向綠 色發展轉型，中國在風電、光伏發電、水電和生物質 發電裝機規模方面處于全球領先地位?！?/p>

他相信，中國可再生能源行業將穩步增長，尤 其是太陽能發電裝機規模將進一步擴大。

中國可再生能源的迅速發展也吸引了跨國公 司。由于中國可再生能源行業發展勢頭迅猛，潛力 巨大，近年來，殼牌公司、沙特基礎工業公司和霍尼 韋爾公司宣布計劃對該行業進行投資。全球能源 和化工巨頭們正在制定涵蓋廣泛可再生能源子領 域的本土投資計劃，包括石油化工、氫、汽車充電站 以及碳捕集、利用和封存等領域。

總部位于倫敦的殼牌公司近年來一直在投資 中國可再生能源市場。該公司的部分規劃是通過 與中國國有企業申能集團合作，在上海建成該公司 首個亞洲加氫站網絡，以擴大其在中國的相關業務 規模。

Shell also expressed optimism about the prospects for CCUS in China， believing it is essential to helping the nation achieve a carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrali? ty by 2060.

Jason Wong， executive chairman of Shell Companies in China， said the nations significant geological potential for storing carbon — it has an estimated 2，400 gigatons of storage capacity， second only to that of the United States — means there is plenty of potential to tap.

US energy company ExxonMobil has announced that it will cooperate with China National Offshore Oil Corp and Shell plc to develop a carbon capture and storage， or CCS， hub in Huizhou， Guangdong province. The facility， Chinas first large-scale offshore CCS hub capable of capturing up to 10 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually， will signifi? cantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions and meet the decar? bonization needs of enterprises in the area.

Luo Zuoxian， head of intelligence and research at the Sinopec Economics and Development Research Institute， said foreign investment in Chinas energy sector is expected to rise as the nation continues to step up its green energy transi? tion， with the aim of becoming carbon neutral by 2060.

“Leading in renewable energy production figures for years， China has a market potential that no other country can match，”he said.

State- owned energy enterprises are also helping the countrys green energy transition by optimizing their business.

For example， China Petrochemical Corp， also known as Sinopec — the worlds largest refiner by volume — has con?

殼牌還對碳捕集、利用和封存在中國的發展前 景表示樂觀，認為這對幫助中國實現“2030年前碳 達峰、2060年前碳中和”的目標至關重要。

殼牌公司中國區執行董事長黃志昌表示，中國 具有巨大的碳封存地質潛力，估算碳封存能力為 2.4萬億噸，僅次于美國，這意味著中國在該領域有 巨大潛力可以挖掘。

美國能源公司?？松梨谛?，將與中國海洋 石油集團有限公司、殼牌公司合作，在廣東省惠州 市開發捕集與封存（CCS）樞紐。該設施是中國首 個能夠每年捕集高達1000萬公噸二氧化碳的大型 海上CCS中心，將顯著減少二氧化碳排放，滿足該 地區企業的脫碳需求。

中國石化集團經濟與發展研究院情報與研究 部主任羅作賢表示，在“2060年前實現碳中和”的目 標下，隨著中國堅持推進綠色能源轉型，預計中國 能源領域的外國投資將有所增加。

他表示：“多年來，中國在可再生能源生產領域 一直處于全球領先地位，具有其他國家無法比擬的 市場潛力?！?/p>

國有能源企業也在通過優化業務助推中國綠 色能源轉型。

例如，中國石油化工集團有限公司（簡稱“中石 90 化”）一直在不斷提高其綠色制氫能力，并在全國范

tinuously boosted its green hydrogen manufacturing capacity and expanded its hydrogen refueling network across the coun? try.

Taking advantage of its nationwide gas refueling net? work， the company has actively built its hydrogen refueling network in China. It aims for the refueling capacity for this gas to reach 120，000 tons per year by 2025.

Sinopec has stepped up work at its refinery using green hydrogen， which is derived from renewable sources including solar and wind. It is also working to increase the use of renew? able energy in hydrogen production to gradually replace fossil fuel in the refinery sector. The aim is to gain a lead in the high- quality development of the nations hydrogen market and promote the consumption of cleaner energy in the trans ? portation and industrial sectors.

Thanks to these efforts， China has developed a complete industrial system for renewable energy technology during the past 10 years.

As a result， the scale of development and use of renew? able energy in China was equivalent to 753 million tons of standard coal last year， reducing 2.07 billion tons of carbon dioxide， 400，000 tons of sulfur dioxide and 450，000 tons of ni? trogen oxide， the administration said.

The nations rapid development of renewable energy has further boosted global employment. According to the recently released Renewable Energy and Jobs Annual Review 2022 from the International Renewable Energy Agency， employ? ment worldwide in the sector reached 12.7 million jobs last year， with China accounting for nearly half the total， despite the lingering effects of COVID-19 and the global energy cri? sis.

圍內擴大其加氫網絡。

該公司利用其覆蓋全國的加油網絡，在中國積極建設其加氫網絡。其目標是2025年實現加氫能力每年12萬噸左右。

中石化已升級其煉油過程，使用綠色氫。綠色氫來自太陽能和風能等可再生能源。該公司還在氫氣生產過程中使用更多的可再生能源，以逐步取代煉油領域使用的化石燃料。其目標是在中國氫能產業高質量發展中取得領先地位，并促進運輸和工業領域的清潔能源消費。

通過這些努力，中國在過去10年中已經形成一套完整的可再生能源技術產業體系。

因此，2021年中國可再生能源開發利用規模相當于7.53億噸標準煤，減少二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分別約20.7億噸、40萬噸、45萬噸。

中國可再生能源的快速發展進一步促進了全? 球就業。國際可再生能源機構近日發布的《可再? 生能源與就業：2022年回顧》顯示，盡管新冠疫情? 和全球能源危機的影響仍在持續，但2021年全球? 可再生能源行業的就業人數達到1270萬，其中中? 國人占總就業人數的近一半。

Nearly two- thirds of these jobs are in Asia， with China taking up 42 percent of the global figure， followed by the European Union and Brazil with 10 percent each， and the US and India with 7 percent each.

Last year， 5.4 million people were employed in the re? newable energy sector in China， up from 4.7 million in 2020. Of these positions， solar photovoltaic claimed the largest share， with a workforce estimated at close to 2.7 million， up from 2.3 million in 2020.

China also accounted for 48 percent of the 1.4 million jobs in the global onshore and offshore wind market last year. The nation was also the largest contributor to hydropower jobs， accounting for 37 percent of such employment globally， despite the pandemic delaying completion of some projects.

Liu Dechun， director of the Department of Resource Con? servation and Environmental Protection at the National Devel ? opment and Reform Commission， the countrys top economic regulator， believes China can peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 as planned， because it has made considerable progress in its green and low-carbon energy transformation during the past decade.

Chinas clean energy consumption accounted for 25.5 percent of total energy use last year， a rise of 11 percentage points from 2012. Its share of coal consumption stood at 56 percent last year， a fall of 12.5 percentage points from 2012， the department said.

The nations installed capacity for generating wind and photovoltaic power rose by about 12- fold from 2012， and its new energy power generation output exceeded 1 trillion kilo? watt-hours for the first time.

近三分之二的就業崗位在亞洲，中國占全球總數的42%，其次是歐盟和巴西各占10%，美國和印度分別占7%。

去年，中國可再生能源行業就業人數從2020年的470萬增加到540萬。光伏發電領域創造就業機會最多，提供工作崗位接近270萬，高于2020年的230萬。

2021年，全球陸上和海上風電行業創造了140萬個工作崗位，其中中國占比48%。盡管疫情導致一些項目建設推遲，但中國仍是水電行業就業的最大貢獻者，全球占比37%。

國家發展改革委資源節約和環境保護司司長劉德春認為，中國一定能夠如期實現在2030年碳達峰以及在2060年碳中和的目標，因為在過去十年，中國在推動能源綠色低碳轉型方面取得顯著成效。

2021年，中國清潔能源消費占比達到25.5%，比2012年提升了11個百分點；煤炭消費占比下降至56%，比2012年下降了12.5個百分點。

風光發電裝機規模比2012年增長了12倍左右，新能源發電量首次超過1萬億千瓦時。