楊凱 魏書田





[摘要]目的分析合用胸腺肽α1以及烏司他丁對顱腦損傷患者恢復的效果和CT三維成像以及腦灌注成像在顱腦損傷動態變化中的臨床價值研究。方法觀察分析晉中市第一人民醫院2018年7月至2020年1月收治的251例顱腦損傷患者,采用隨機數字表法分為觀察組及常規組,常規組接受神經外科常規治療,觀察組接受常規治療+胸腺肽α1+烏司他丁治療,并且檢測兩組在經過三維圖像重建和腦灌注成像檢測顱腦損傷的結果,以及檢測兩組經治療后的頸動脈平均血流量(Qmean)、特性阻抗(Zc)和動態阻力(DR)的腦血流參數指標、炎癥因子以及抗炎因子相關指標,如腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細胞介素-4(IL-4)、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13等。結果經復查后發現腦灌注成像的檢測結果更貼合復查結果,觀察組Qmean、Zc和DR水平均優于常規組;觀察組促炎因子IL-6、TNF-a水平低于常規組,而IL-12則高于常規組;觀察組的抗炎因子IL-4、IL-10和IL-13水平高于常規組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論與三維圖像重建技術相比,腦灌注成像在顱腦損傷動態變化中的檢測結果更可靠、準確。此外,合用胸腺肽α1和烏司他丁是治療急性腦損傷的可靠方法,對減少腦損傷和恢復腦血流有積極作用。
[關鍵詞]外源性腦損傷;三維圖像重建;腦灌注成像;炎癥因子
[中圖分類號]R651.15??? [文獻標識碼]A??? [文章編號]2095-0616(2022)01-0016-04
An analysis of the efficacy of thymosin α1 and ulinastatin for repair treatment of exogenous brain injury and a study of the clinical value of 3 D image reconstruction and cerebral perfusion imaging for dynamic changes of craniocerebral injury
YANG Kai??? WEI Shutian
Department of Neurosurgery,the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong,Shanxi,Jinzhong 030600,China
[Abstract]Objective To analyze the effect of thymosin a1 combined with ulinastatin on the recovery of the patients from craniocerebral injury and to study the clinical value of CT three-dimensional imaging and cerebral perfusion imaging for dynamic changes of craniocerebral injury. Methods A total of 251 patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to and treated in the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong from July 2018 to January 2020 were observed and analyzed. They were divided into the observation group and the conventional group through random number table method,with the conventional group receiving conventional neurosurgical treatment,while the observation group receiving conventional treatment + thymosinzα1 + ulinastatin. The results of the detection of craniocerebral injury by 3 D image reconstruction and cerebral perfusion imaging were checked,and the two groups' cerebral blood flow parameters,including mean blood flow (Qmean)of carotid artery,characteristic impedance (Zc)and dynamic resistance (DR),inflammatory factors and related indicators of anti-inflammatory factors,such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-4 (IL-4),IL-6,IL-10,IL-12,IL-13,etc. Results After reexamination,it was found that the detection results of cerebral perfusion imaging were more consistent with the reexamination results,and the Qmean,Zc and DR levels of the observation group were all better than those of the conventional group;the levels of proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-αin the observation group were lower than those in the conventional group,while the level of IL-12 was higher than that in the conventional group;the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4,IL-10 and IL-13 in the observation group were higher than those in the conventional group,and the differences in results were all statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with 3 D image reconstruction technology,cerebral perfusion imaging produces more reliable and sounder detection result for dynamic changes of craniocerebral injury. In addition,the combination of thymosin al and ulinastatin is a reliable method of treating acute brain injury,which is helpful for reducing brain injury and restoring cerebral blood flow. [Key words] Exogenous brain injury;3 D image reconstruction;Cerebral perfusion imaging;Inflammatory factor
外源性腦損傷多指因為炎癥、中毒、外傷等外源性物質引起的腦損傷。胸腺肽α1是由28個氨基酸組成的小分子肽[1],是一種具有增強細胞免疫、抗腫瘤和抗炎作用的多向性藥物[2]。烏司他丁具有抗炎、抗氧化應激等多重作用,已經被證實對腦損傷患者具有神經細胞功能保護作用[3-5]。本研究通過觀察胸腺肽α1和烏司他丁對顱腦損傷手術患者腦保護及炎癥反應的影響情況,了解胸腺肽α1和烏司他丁在顱腦損傷手術患者預后中的應用價值以及探討螺旋CT重建技術及腦灌注成像診斷急性顱腦外傷。現報道如下。
1??? 資料與方法
1.1??? 一般資料
選取晉中市第一人民醫院(我院)2018年7月至2020年1月收治的腦損傷患者251例為觀察對象。本研究經醫院醫學倫理委員會批準,且所有研究對象均知情自愿參與。納入標準:經本院神經外科診斷為外源性顱腦損傷者。排除標準:具有高血壓病史和血管畸形以及各種慢性病患者;已使用影響顱內血流動力學藥物的患者。男178例,女73例,年齡19~90歲,平均(61.8±14.2)歲。所有患者均有相應的臨床診斷,均采用PGP9.5和GFAP檢測。采用隨機數字表法將患者分為常規組和觀察組,其中常規組125例,男87例,女38例,年齡21~90歲,平均(62.1±13.8)歲,其中硬膜下血腫21例、蛛網膜下腔出血24例、腦內血腫15例、硬膜外血腫24例、腦挫裂傷28例、彌漫性軸索損傷13例,平均病程(3.1±2.5)個月;觀察組126例,男91例,女35例,年齡19~88歲,平均(6例±14.5)歲,其中硬膜下血腫22例、蛛網膜下腔出血28例、腦內血腫14例、硬膜外血腫26例、腦挫裂傷26例、彌漫性軸索損傷10例,平均病程(3.5±2.3)個月。兩組一般資料比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。
1.2??? 方法
患者入院后3~6 h內同時進行頭顱CT三維圖像重建及腦灌注成像。常規組給予常規抗感染、脫水、營養支持等對癥治療。觀察組在常規組基礎上,分別于術中和術后在生理鹽水中加入胸腺肽α1針劑(海南中和藥業有限公司,國藥準字H20051916)1.6 mg肌內注射,每日2次,連續3 d后改為每日一次,連續4 d,烏司他丁針劑(廣東天普生化醫藥股份有限公司,國藥準字H19990132)200 000 U溶于生理鹽水100 ml中,靜脈滴注,每日3次,連續使用3 d后改為100 000 U,每日3次,連續4 d。
1.3??? 觀察指標
觀察經三維圖像重建和腦灌注成像檢測后的檢測結果,以及頸動脈Qmean、Zc和DR在內的腦血流參數[3-4]。此外還需檢測炎癥因子包括IL-6、TNF-α和IL-12的表達水平,以及IL-4、IL-10和IL-13等抗炎因子水平。
1.4??? 統計學處理
2??? 結果
2.1??? CT三維圖像重建和腦灌注成像檢查結果
251例患者均進行CT三維圖像重建和腦灌注成像檢查,見表1。結果顯示,依據復查結果,后者檢查的結果更為接近,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。
2.2??? 兩組患者治療前和治療后腦血流量參數比較
兩組患者治療后頸動脈Qmean、Zc、DR指標觀察組均優于常規組,同一時間點Qmean水平顯著升高,Zc、DRP水平均低于常規組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3??? 兩組患者治療前和治療后血清促炎因子水平的比較
治療1、3和5 d后,兩組患者IL-6和TNF-α先升高后降低,IL-12先降低后升高,檢測同一時間點IL-6、TNF-α水平觀察組顯著低于常規組,IL-12觀察組高于常規組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4??? 兩組患者治療前和治療后血清抗炎因子比較
治療1、3、5 d后,兩組患者的血清抗炎因子IL-4、IL-10和IL-13含量均呈先上升后下降趨勢,同時間點水平檢測發現觀察組抗炎因子含量高于常規組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。見表4。
3??? 討論
眾所周知,腦損傷的危害是極其嚴重的,不僅會出現意識障礙、頭痛、惡心、嘔吐等癥狀,還會導致腦部血流量異常,機體整體炎癥應激異常等[6-8]。為了更好地保護大腦,改善腦血流和神經功能相關指標是其關鍵[9-11]。本研究結果表明,Qmean、Zc、DR指標觀察組均優于常規組。炎癥反應與機體疾病狀態密切相關。結果表明兩組患者IL-6和TNF-α先升高后降低,IL-12先降低后升高,檢測同一時間點IL-6、TNF-α水平,觀察組顯著低于常規組,IL-12觀察組顯著高于常規組;而觀察組的IL-4、IL-10和IL-13含量明顯高于常規組。胸腺素α1是臨床常用的一種免疫興奮劑,可靶向腦損傷后機體免疫抑制狀態,作為一種正常的機體物質,對腦組織無負刺激作用[12-13]。烏司他丁是近年來臨床應用較多的藥物,對多種疾病患者的多系統器官保護作用已得到證實[14-15],胸腺肽α1和烏司他丁可通過不同機制抑制急性創傷后腦組織內環境的快速惡化。
綜上所述,腦灌注成像檢測結果更可靠、準確。此外,胸腺肽α1和烏司他丁是治療急性腦損傷的可靠方法,對減少腦損傷和恢復腦血流有積極作用,這是治療腦損傷患者的理想方法,值得在今后臨床實踐中推廣應用。
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