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數據庫語義學綱要(英文,具中文摘要)

2022-07-08 13:32:28羅蘭德?豪塞爾
中國科技術語 2022年3期
關鍵詞:語義數據庫智能

羅蘭德?豪塞爾

Outline of Database Semantics (DBS)

Roland HAUSSER

(Universitt Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bavaria, Germany)

Abstract: Database Semantics (DBS) models the cycle of natural language communication as a transition from the hear to the think to the speak and back to the hear mode (turn taking). In contradistinction to the substitution-driven sign-based approaches of truth-conditional semantics and phrase structure grammar, DBS is data-driven and agent-based. The purpose is a theory of semantics for an autonomous robot with language. Propositions are content in DBS, instead of denoting truth values (Sects. 1-3). Content is built from the semantic kinds of referent, property, and relation, which are concatenated by the classical semantic relations of structure, i.e. functor-argument and coordination. To enable reference as an agent-internal cognitive process, language and nonlanguage contents use the same computational data structure and operation kinds, and differ mostly in the presence vs. absence of language-dependent surface values. DBS consists of (i) an interface, (ii) a memory, and (iii) an operation component①.The interface component mediates between the agent’s cognition and its external and internal environment, represented as raw data provided by sensors and activators (Sects. 4-7). The data of the agent’s moment by moment monitoring are stored at the memory’s now front. As part of the on-board control unit, the now front is the location for performing the procedures of the operation component, resulting in content.

Keywords: data structure; data base schema; pattern matching; turn taking; type-token; grounding; sensory and processing media and modalities; reference

摘 要:數據庫語義學(Database Semantics,DBS)將自然語言交流的周期構建為從聽覺過渡到思維再過渡到說話,然后從說話返回到聽覺的模式(這是一個循環模式)。與真值條件語義學和短語結構語法使用的替換驅動和基于符號的方法不同,數據庫語義學是數據驅動的和基于智能代理的。其目的是為具有語言能力的自主機器人提供一種語義學理論。在數據庫語義學中,命題是表示內容的,而不是表示真值的(第1—3節)。內容由指稱、屬性和關系等語義類建立起來,它們由經典的結構語義關系,即函子論元和協調關系串聯而成。為了使指稱成為一個智能代理內部的認知過程,語言和非語言的內容都使用了相同的計算數據結構和操作種類,而它們之間的主要區別在于是否存在與語言相關的表面值。數據庫語義學包括三部分:(i)一個交互界面,(ii)一個存儲器,(iii)一個操作組件。交互界面部分在智能的認知與其外部和內部環境之間進行協調,表示為由傳感器和激活器提供的原始數據(第4—7節)。智能代理每時每刻的監測數據都被存儲在存儲器的前端。作為智能代理控制單元的一部分,存儲器的這個前端就是執行操作組件程序的位置所在,它是在內容中產生的。

關鍵詞:數據結構;數據庫圖式;模式匹配;循環模式;類符-形符;基礎;感覺、處理媒體和情態;指稱

中圖分類號:H08;H030;TP392? 文獻標識碼:A? DOI:10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2022.03.002

收稿日期:2022-04-24? 修回日期:2022-05-18

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Author Introduction:

Roland Hausser (1946—),studied computational linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin and graduated with a Ph.D.(1970—1974),taught at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, and obtained a Dr. phil. habil.(1974—1983), stayed at the Universities of Pittsburgh and Stanford supported by a five year Heisenberg grant (1983—1988). In 1989, Hausser founded the Laboratory of Computational Linguistics at the University Erlangen-Nuernberg (CLUE).? Among his numerous publications is the textbook “Foundations of Computational Linguistics” (FoCL), now in its third edition. For a more detailed vita see lagrammar.net. E-mail: rolandhausser662@gmail.com.

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