陳明充



【摘 要】目的 觀察重組貽貝粘蛋白水凝膠敷料聯(lián)合他克莫司軟膏治療面部皮炎的臨床效果。方法 選取昆明市東川區(qū)人民醫(yī)院皮膚科2020年4月-2022年4月收治的87例面部皮炎患者為研究對象,按照隨機數字表法分為對照組43例和治療組44例。對照組予以他克莫司軟膏+0.9%生理鹽水噴劑,治療組予以他克莫司軟膏+重組貽貝粘蛋白水凝膠敷料,比較兩組瘙癢改善程度(瘙癢評分、止癢起效時間、止癢持續(xù)時間)、皮膚屏障功能(經表皮失水量、角質層含水量、油脂含量)、臨床療效、不良反應發(fā)生情況及復發(fā)率。結果 治療組治療后VAS評分低于對照組,止癢起效時間早于對照組,止癢持續(xù)時間長于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);治療組治療后角質層含水量和皮脂含量均高于對照組,經表皮失水量低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);治療組治療總有效率為90.91%,高于對照組的62.79%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);治療組不良反應總發(fā)生率為4.55%,低于對照組的27.91%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);治療組復發(fā)率為4.55%,低于對照組的34.88%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結論 重組貽貝粘蛋白水凝膠敷料輔助他克莫司軟膏聯(lián)合治療面部皮炎的效果確切,可有效改善患者瘙癢程度,促進皮膚屏障功能恢復,且耐受性及安全性高,復發(fā)幾率較低,值得臨床應用。
【關鍵詞】面部皮炎;瘙癢;重組貽貝粘蛋白;皮膚屏障功能
中圖分類號:R751.05 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1004-4949(2022)24-0046-04
Clinical Effect of Recombinant Mussel Adhesive Protein Hydrogel Dressing Combined with Tacrolimus Ointment in the Treatment of Facial Dermatitis
CHEN Ming-chong
(Department of Dermatology, Dongchuan District Peoples Hospital, Kunming 654100, Yunnan, China)
【Abstract】Objective To observe the clinical effect of recombinant mussel adhesive protein hydrogel dressing combined with tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of facial dermatitis. Methods A total of 87 patients with facial dermatitis in Department of Dermatology, Dongchuan District Peoples Hospital of Kunming from April 2020 to April 2022 were randomly divided into control group (43 cases) and treatment group (44 cases). The control group was treated with tacrolimus ointment+0.9% normal saline spray, and the treatment group was treated with tacrolimus ointment+recombinant mussel adhesive protein hydrogel dressing. The degree of pruritus improvement (pruritus score, itching onset time, itching duration ), skin barrier function (transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum water content, oil content), clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the VAS score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group, the onset time of itching was earlier than that of the control group, and the duration of itching was longer than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the water content and sebum content of stratum corneum in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group, and the transepidermal water loss was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the treatment group was 90.91%, which was higher than 62.79% of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 4.55%, which was lower than 27.91% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The recurrence rate of the treatment group was 4.55%, which was lower than 34.88% of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Recombinant mussel adhesive protein hydrogel dressing combined with tacrolimus ointment is effective in the treatment of facial dermatitis, which can effectively improve the degree of pruritus and promote the recovery of skin barrier function, with high tolerance and safety, and low recurrence rate. It is worthy of clinical application.
【Key words】Facial dermatitis; Itching; Recombinant mussel adhesive protein; Skin barrier function
面部皮炎(facial dermatitis)為主要發(fā)生在面部的非傳染性皮膚炎癥,常以瘙癢性、反復性和遷延性傾向為主要臨床特征,以濕疹類型疾病為主。根據病因及癥狀分類將其分為特應性皮炎、脂溢性皮炎、接觸性皮炎等,臨床表現(xiàn)為丘疹、紅斑等客觀癥狀,主觀癥狀包括顯著性自覺瘙癢,部分患者伴有灼熱等癥狀[1]。循證治療中推薦使用他克莫司等鈣調磷酸抑制劑類藥物治療該疾病[2],但局部用藥對皮膚刺激反應較大,常引起皮膚過敏、紅斑、皰疹等不良反應[3]。臨床治療中常聯(lián)合保濕劑,增加療效同時可減輕他克莫司帶來的不良反應[4]。貽貝粘蛋白具有良好的促愈、抗炎、止癢等療效,對面部皮炎患者具有正向輔助意義[5]。基于此,本研究旨在觀察重組貽貝粘蛋白水凝膠敷料聯(lián)合他克莫司軟膏治療面部皮炎的臨床效果,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取昆明市東川區(qū)人民醫(yī)院皮膚科2020年4月-2022年9月收治的87例面部皮炎患者為研究對象,按照隨機數字表法分為對照組43例和治療組44例。對照組男8例,女35例;年齡18~42歲,平均年齡(23.66±7.25)歲;病程3~36個月,平均病程(11.57±2.82)個月;疾病類型:特應性皮炎15例,脂溢性皮炎6例,接觸性皮炎22例。治療組男6例,女38例;年齡18~47歲,平均年齡(24.73±6.01)歲;病程3~36個月,平均病程(12.93±4.41)個月;疾病類型:特應性皮炎13例,脂溢性皮炎8例,接觸性皮炎23例。兩組性別、年齡及疾病類型比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究所有患者均知情同意,并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 納入及排除標準 納入標準[6]:表現(xiàn)為面頸部大小不等的瘙癢性片狀紅斑、脫屑,確診特應性皮炎者;表現(xiàn)為接觸外源性物質后引起多樣且不典型性反應,確診接觸性皮炎者;表現(xiàn)為面部油脂分泌旺盛區(qū)域有暗紅色斑片上蓋脂溢性鱗屑,確診脂溢性皮炎者。排除標準:合并濕疹類疾病者;合并痤瘡、蕁麻疹、皰疹、系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡等其他疾病引起的面部炎癥性疾病者;近期使用糖皮質激素藥物、抗組胺藥物、免疫抑制藥物者;妊娠期或哺乳期女性。
1.3 方法 對照組予以他克莫司軟膏+0.9%生理鹽水噴劑:患者清潔皮膚后使用0.9%生理鹽水的安慰噴劑噴涂面部,5 min后在患處皮膚均勻薄涂他克莫司軟膏(Astellas Pharma Manufacturing, Inc.,國藥準字J20060030,規(guī)格:0.03%),首次使用在臨床負責專屬醫(yī)師指導下操作,后續(xù)家居使用每日早晚各使用1次,連續(xù)使用14 d,治療結束后4周隨訪。治療組予以他克莫司軟膏+重組貽貝粘蛋白水凝膠敷料:將對照組中0.9%生理鹽水的安慰噴劑改為重組貽貝粘蛋白水凝膠敷料(湖南科妍創(chuàng)美醫(yī)療科技有限公司,湘械注準20222142096),其余操作同對照組一致。
1.4 觀察指標 比較兩組瘙癢改善程度(瘙癢評分、止癢起效時間、止癢持續(xù)時間)、皮膚屏障功能、臨床療效、不良反應發(fā)生情況及復發(fā)率。①瘙癢評分:于治療前及首次治療24 h后使用采用瘙癢視覺模擬評分(VAS)[7]評價,總分0~10分,0分為無癥狀、1~3分為輕度瘙癢、4~7分為中度瘙癢、8~10分為重度瘙癢;②止癢起效時間:首次治療24 h內瘙癢癥狀消失或中度或重度瘙癢緩解為輕度瘙癢的緩解時間;③止癢持續(xù)時間:止癢起效時間開始到瘙癢再次加重的時間;④皮膚屏障功能:室溫環(huán)境下于治療前及治療14 d后采用皮膚檢測儀器(德國Courage & Khazaka公司,型號:Corneometer CM 760)檢測皮膚角質層含水量、皮脂含量和經表皮失水量;⑤臨床療效:治療前及治療14 d后評估瘙癢、疼痛、灼熱、干燥/緊繃4項主觀癥狀及紅斑丘疹、鱗屑、膿皰、毛細血管擴張4項客觀癥狀,總分均為0~4分,分數越高癥狀越重;療效評估為治療前后的療效改善百分率,痊愈為≥90%,好轉為60%~89%,有效為30%~59%,無效為<30%;總有效率=痊愈率+好轉率;⑥不良反應發(fā)生情況及復發(fā)率:不良反應情況包括皮膚過敏、紅斑、皰疹;治療結束后2周后進行隨訪記錄復發(fā)情況。1.5 統(tǒng)計學方法 采用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計學軟件處理本研究數據,計量資料以(x-±s)表示,行t檢驗;計數資料以[n(%)]表示,行χ2檢驗;以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 兩組瘙癢改善程度比較 治療組治療后VAS評分低于對照組,止癢起效時間早于對照組,止癢持續(xù)時間長于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組皮膚屏障功能比較 治療組治療后角質層含水量和皮脂含量均高于對照組,經表皮失水量低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組臨床療效比較 治療組治療總有效率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 兩組不良反應發(fā)生情況及復發(fā)率比較 治療組不良反應總發(fā)生率低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表4;治療組復發(fā)率為4.55%(2/44),低于對照組的34.88%(15/43),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=12.731,P=0.000)。

