鹿特丹商學(xué)院擴(kuò)建

荷蘭鹿特丹

業(yè)主單位：鹿特丹高等職業(yè)學(xué)院

設(shè)計(jì)單位：保羅·德·魯特建筑師事務(wù)所及雷蒙德·范·薩本

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：Jolien Bruin， Julius Klatte， Mark Homminga， Paul Bordei， Sander Bakker， Vera Lait?o， Yamoh Rasa

承包商：Heerkens van Bavel Bouw

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：DGMR

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)：Groen+Schild工作室

城市設(shè)計(jì)：Juurlink+Geluk

總建筑面積：14 000平方米

設(shè)計(jì)/竣工日期：2020年2月/2023年5月

攝影：Aiste Rakauskaite

Client： Hogeschool Rotterdam

Architects： Paul de Ruiter and Raymond van Sabben

Project team： Jolien Bruin， Julius Klatte， Mark Homminga， Paul Bordei， Sander Bakker， Vera Lait?o， Yamoh Rasa

Contractor： Heerkens van Bavel Bouw

Structural engineering： DGMR

Interior Architect： Studio Groen+Schild

Urban design： Juurlink+Geluk

Total floor area： 14 000 m2

Start of design/Completion： February 2020/ May 2023

Photographs： Aiste Rakauskaite

這座令人振奮、光線充足的大樓成為年輕經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖的搖籃。作為鹿特丹商學(xué)院的擴(kuò)建項(xiàng)目，大樓根據(jù)循環(huán)施工原則建造，兼具可持續(xù)性、能源中和性及設(shè)計(jì)靈活性。保羅·德·魯特建筑師事務(wù)所與該大學(xué)的一個學(xué)生咨詢小組合作設(shè)計(jì)了擴(kuò)建部分，這些小組成員被邀請描繪一個理想的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。

擴(kuò)建后，鹿特丹商學(xué)院的所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)系及相關(guān)專業(yè)都進(jìn)駐該大樓。現(xiàn)有教學(xué)綜合大樓14，000平方米的擴(kuò)建使總建筑面積達(dá)到35，000平方米，可容納10，000名學(xué)生的日交通量。整個建筑群（其中很大一部分由保羅·德·魯特建筑師事務(wù)所于2018年完成）將擁有專門建造的學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)和一個新的主入口。擴(kuò)建大樓的雙倍高度、透明底層將容納一個多媒體圖書館和一個孵化區(qū)，其中包括商業(yè)大廳、出色的咖啡館，并將成為校園生活的活動中心。

與周圍世界相連

該大樓通過其透明度以及與周圍環(huán)境的關(guān)系來界定。除透明度外，最吸引人的是北立面上的大型階梯式中庭及其實(shí)木框架和雙倍高度的主入口。

一條筆直的木質(zhì)樓梯與中庭的玻璃外立面平行，將不同的樓層與學(xué)習(xí)廣場連接，形成一個暢通無阻的校園視野。中庭的玻璃墻對面有一系列項(xiàng)目室，它們與網(wǎng)格外立面和輪廓相互呼應(yīng)，朝北的落地玻璃墻也形成了一道美麗的校園風(fēng)景。就像玻璃外立面為建筑使用者描繪的外面世界一樣，它也為建筑之外的人們描述了一個內(nèi)部世界，即過路行人和建筑外的其他人可以看到建筑內(nèi)的視覺奇觀。因此，透明的玻璃墻形成一種光學(xué)效果，使大樓的周圍環(huán)境看似向內(nèi)部流動，大樓內(nèi)的活動似乎發(fā)生在室外。

學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境由學(xué)生需求決定

建筑的大部分使用者是學(xué)生，因此，我們召開頭腦風(fēng)暴會議，邀請學(xué)生代表描繪他們理想的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。

許多想法和建議都基于一個事實(shí)：無論是否學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生的大部分時間都在校園的不同大樓中度過。因此，最普遍的要求是建筑應(yīng)提供充分的功能多樣性，以滿足學(xué)生的多種需求，主要涉及單獨(dú)或小組學(xué)習(xí)、社交。我們的設(shè)計(jì)提供了各種靈活的學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)和公共空間（與大型公共圖書館的公共空間類似），以迎合這些需求。會議區(qū)有閱讀咖啡館或酒店大堂的氛圍，而社交區(qū)感覺更像客廳。因此，設(shè)計(jì)中包含許多安靜學(xué)習(xí)的地方，也包含放松、社交和交換想法的地方。

適用性經(jīng)得起未來考驗(yàn)

在過去20年，學(xué)術(shù)教育發(fā)生了很大變化，如果有什么可以肯定的話，那就是未來20年將會繼續(xù)變化。新的方法將取代或補(bǔ)充舊的方法，新的概念將被試驗(yàn)和引入，新的研究領(lǐng)域?qū)⒊霈F(xiàn)并吸引新一代的大學(xué)生。為適應(yīng)這些發(fā)展，新擴(kuò)建部分的設(shè)計(jì)允許其內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行輕松地重新利用。此外，所有樓層的人行天橋能方便地通往周圍建筑物，隨著新教育需求的出現(xiàn)，這種便利性和其優(yōu)勢有望在未來幾十年產(chǎn)生效益。

可持續(xù)性與健康

承重結(jié)構(gòu)、外立面等非柔性部分采用高耐久、免維護(hù)材料，循環(huán)利用率高。此外，擴(kuò)建部分采用能源中和方案。其緊湊的設(shè)計(jì)、所采用保溫材料的質(zhì)量以及智能照明、加熱和通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)將最大限度地減少能源浪費(fèi)。其能源需求將通過屋頂太陽能電池板和其他天然的能源發(fā)電方式來滿足。為支持大樓預(yù)期用戶的健康和福祉，我們采取各種措施來監(jiān)測和促進(jìn)新鮮空氣的供應(yīng)，調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)溫度，并確保在大樓內(nèi)的任何地方都能獲得最舒適的聽覺體驗(yàn)。眾所周知，自然光除了能促進(jìn)能源效率外，還有利于人類健康。因此，中庭屋頂和外立面旨在支持自然光的進(jìn)入，并避免炫光或過度明暗對比等副作用。

This uplifting， light-filled building will soon be the training ground for the young economists and business leaders of tomorrow. An extension of the Rotterdam Business School， the building is sustainable， energy-neutral and designed to be easily adaptable， and is being built according to circular construction principles. Paul de Ruiter Architects designed the extension in collaboration with a student advisory group from the university， whose members were invited to imagine their ideal learning environment.

The extension will enable the consolidation of all of the Rotterdam Business Schools economics departments under one roof. The 14，000 m? expansion of the existing faculty complex will result in a combined floor area of 35，000 m? for the daily traffic of up to 10，000 students. The entire ensemble， a significant part of which Paul de Ruiter Architects completed in 2018， will boast purpose-built study areas and a new main entrance. The extensions double-height， see-through base will house a media library and an incubator zone， including a business lobby and a grand café， and is set to be the centre of activity for life on campus.

Connected to the world around it

The building is defined by its transparency and relationship with its surroundings. Its most immediately striking feature beyond its transparency is the large， stepped atrium on the north fa?ade， with its solid wood framework and double height main entrance.

A straight wooden staircase runs parallel to the atriums glazed fa?ade， connecting the various floors and study plazas and offering an unobstructed view of the campus. Opposite the atriums glazed wall， and mirroring its grid fa?ade and outline， are a series of projects rooms， whose north-facing， floor-to-ceiling glass walls also offer splendid views of the campus. Just as the glazed fa?ade frames the world beyond for the buildings occupants， so it does for those outside the building， but in reverse， creating a visual spectacle of the activity inside the building for passers-by and others beyond its confines. The clear-glass walls thus produce an optical effect whereby the buildings surroundings appear to flow into its interior and activity inside the building appears to be taking place outdoors.

A learning environment determined by students needs

The majority of the buildings users will be students， so we convened a brainstorming session in which we asked representatives from the student body to envision their ideal learning environment.

Many of the ideas and suggestions rested on a single fact： undergraduates spend a great deal of time on campus， in one building or another， whether studying or not. As a result， the most common request was for a building that offered functional variety sufficient to the students multiple needs， which largely related to studying， alone or in groups， and socialising. Our design caters to these needs by offering a variety of easily adaptable study areas and communal spaces that recall the public spaces of a large public library. The meeting areas have the ambience of a reading café or hotel lobby while the areas for socialising feel more like living rooms. The design thus includes lots of spots for quiet study， but also for relaxing， socialising and for getting together to swap ideas.

Future-proofed through adaptability

Academic instruction has changed a lot over the last twenty years， and if anything is certain， it is that it will continue to change over the next twenty. New methods will replace or supplement old ones， new concepts will be trialled and introduced， and new areas of study will emerge and attract new generations of undergraduates. To accommodate these developments， the new extension is designed to allow the spaces within it to be repurposed with relative ease. In addition， footbridges on all floors enable easy access to the surrounding buildings， a convenience that along with several others promises to yield benefits for decades to come as new educational needs emerge.

Sustainable and healthy

The parts that arent flexible， such as the load-bearing structure and the facade， are made of highly durable and maintenance-free materials， and boast a high rate of circular material use. Furthermore， the extension will be energy-neutral. Its compact design， the quality of insulation materials employed， and the presence detection-based lighting， heating and ventilation systems will help minimise energy wastage. Its energy needs will be met by rooftop solar panels， among other natural means of energy generation. A great deal of thought has gone into supporting the health and well-being of the buildings intended users. Thus， various measures are in place to monitor and facilitate the supply of fresh air， regulate room temperatures and ensure the most comfortable acoustic experience wherever one may be in the building. It is common knowledge that natural light is conducive to human well-being， in addition to its role in facilitating an energy efficient strategy. The atrium roof and fa?ade are thus designed to enable the admission of natural light without undesirable side effects， such as glare or excess contrast.