科格爾霍夫別墅

荷蘭北貝弗蘭

設計單位： 保羅·德·魯特建筑師事務所

建筑類型：獨立住宅

合作者：? GIRA， Si-X

建筑面積： 715平方米

項目年份： 2013年

攝影：Jeroen Musch

Architects： Paul de Ruiter Architects

Project type： House

Manufacturers：? GIRA， Si-X

Area： 715 m?

Year： 2013

Photographs： Jeroen Musch

這個25公頃房地產工程是一個由政府發起的大型項目的一部分，旨在連接全國范圍內的生態區域。土地的當前所有者在2006年買下了該基地，這里以前是農田。基地是動植物保護區，同時也是該區域向公眾開放和吸引游人的一個主要地方。在這片土地上進行建造的唯一可能是要讓土地回到前農耕的狀態。2006年在這片土地上種植的71，000棵樹暗示著這個別墅項目未來會在森林當中。基地上挖了一個矩形池塘，需要將70，000立方米的土壤搬走。

對比

房子的地下體量由入口、停車空間（可停六輛汽車和一輛拖拉機）、存儲空間、浴室和一個俯瞰池塘的工作區組成。生活區域位于地面上浮動的玻璃盒子內。玻璃體量是完全開放的，除去一些微妙分隔的房間。廚房、臥室、浴室和多功能室都被劃分為獨立的塊。院子兩邊都有玻璃門，因此可以從起居室和浴室到達。整個樓層地板上覆有白色的環氧樹脂和由勒·柯布西耶和艾琳格雷設計的經典家具。外立面全部是玻璃，給人提供了周圍景觀的驚人視野。

自給自足

科格爾霍夫別墅的主要設計原則之一是將奢侈轉譯為獨立的幸福。別墅的目標是自給自足，生成自己的能源，加熱自己的水，然后回收垃圾。為了確保別墅的能源平衡，立面起到很重要的作用。這個所謂的“氣候立面”（climate-facade）外層從地板到天花板是清晰的絕緣玻璃，內層是可以卷起和展開的織物。當織物降低時，內部形成空腔，別墅內部的空氣從這里由中央通風系統抽出。別墅由一個中央加熱系統和一個氣泵供熱，熱水在未來不久會使用一個爐子進行加熱，爐子的木材來源于地產項目的私人森林。電力來源于屋頂上的光伏電池和計劃建造的風車。

The 25 hectare estate is part of a larger program initiated by the government， which aims to connect regional ecological zones throughout the country. The current owner bought the site， once farmland， in 2006. It is a protected habitat for animals and plants and a major tourist draw in the area， open to the public. Permission to build a house on the land was given only on condition that it was returned to its pre-agricultural state. The planting of some 71，000 six-year-old trees hint at the future of the estate as ‘a villa in the woods and were planted already in 2006. A rectangular pond was digged， requiring the removal of 70，000 cubic metres of soil.

Contrast

The underground volume of the house consists the entrance， parking （for 6 cars and a tractor）， storage， bathroom and a workspace which looks out over the pond. The living area is situated in the floating glass box above ground. Its floor plan is completely open， except for some subtle glass room dividers. There are several separate volumes for the kitchen， bedrooms， bathroom and a multifunctional room. The patio has glass doors on both sides， so that its both accessible through the living room and the bathroom. The entire floor is covered with white epoxy and the furniture consists of designer classics from Le Corbusier and Eileen Grey. The fa?ade is completely made out of glass and offers a spectacular view over the surrounding landscape.

Self-sufficient

One of the main principles of Villa Kogelhof was to translate luxury into the happiness of independence. The goal for the villa was to be self-sufficient; to generate its own energy， to heat its own water and to recycle the garbage. To make sure Villa Kogelhof is energy neutral， the fa?ade offers an important contribution. This so called climate-fa?ade is composed of an outer layer of clear insulated glass from floor to ceiling and an inner layer of sun-reflecting fabric that can be rolled up and unrolled. When the fabric is lowered， an air cavity is formed in which the air from the villa is extracted of a central ventilation system. The house is heated by a central heating system in combination with an air pump. Warm water will in the near future be generated by using a range stove， in which wood will be fired from the trees out of the private forest of the estate. Electricity is generated from the PV-cells on the roof and also from the planned windmill.