主題2：補(bǔ)全信息考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)與考法預(yù)判

安徽 張 嵐

四層考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)

考點(diǎn)1 設(shè)空在段首

假如設(shè)空處出現(xiàn)在段首，正確選項(xiàng)要么與段落標(biāo)題相關(guān)聯(lián)，要么是段落主題句。若是針對(duì)段落標(biāo)題設(shè)空，其呈現(xiàn)形式應(yīng)和其他小標(biāo)題相同，選項(xiàng)應(yīng)短小精悍，多為名詞詞組、動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句。

考生可以認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)詞匯，推斷出主題句。另外，考生應(yīng)著重閱讀設(shè)空處后的第一、二句，鎖定線索及信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)詞匯。通常正確選項(xiàng)與設(shè)空處后的第一句在意義上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會(huì)使用某種銜接手段。

真題鏈接

(2020·全國乙卷)37Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.

E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.

F.Stop comparing yourself with others.

G.When does the comparison game start?

備考點(diǎn)睛

F 考查段落主題句。第37 題設(shè)空在段首，類似這樣的選項(xiàng)往往是對(duì)整個(gè)段落內(nèi)容的概括和總結(jié)，反映整個(gè)段落的主旨大意。這種設(shè)題往往需要從段中搜索核心詞匯，找出做題的線索。根據(jù)下文中的“Do not follow the people who make you feel notgood-enough.Why do you follow them?”可知，本段主要講述了不要拿自己和別人做比較。再根據(jù)下文中的核心詞匯follow 和the only you 可知，F(xiàn) 選項(xiàng)“停止拿自己和別人進(jìn)行比較”能夠概括本段大意。

考點(diǎn)2 設(shè)空在段中

如果設(shè)空處在段中，這通常是從語境和邏輯關(guān)系兩方面來考查句際關(guān)系，常常會(huì)考查過渡句和細(xì)節(jié)句。考生要注意所選選項(xiàng)要在語境方面能夠與原文無縫銜接，要學(xué)會(huì)分析一個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次，也就是語篇層次。段落之間的發(fā)展靠句與句之間意義的結(jié)合，以及句與句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、邏輯性插入語來連接。考生做題時(shí)要特別注意體現(xiàn)時(shí)間、原因、方式、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系的語篇標(biāo)志詞——關(guān)聯(lián)詞。

真題鏈接

(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.36So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.

G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.

備考點(diǎn)睛

F 考查因果關(guān)系。前一句提到，“我”和丈夫在巴黎待了一周，下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.”(所以“我們”做的第一件事就是租了一套非常昂貴的公寓，這套公寓在第六層，只有一個(gè)櫥柜那么大）是設(shè)空處的結(jié)果，因此設(shè)空處需要填原因，故選F選項(xiàng)“我們的目的是看看我們是否可以在某種程度上像真正的巴黎人那樣生活”。

考點(diǎn)3 設(shè)空在段尾

1.細(xì)節(jié)句

位置在段尾的細(xì)節(jié)句，常常是對(duì)前文內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說明，或者與空前內(nèi)容是并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系。

真題鏈接

(2019·全國丙卷)Don't share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor._39_____

A.That's what they are for.

B.Turn to an online instructor for help.

C.If more information is needed,they will ask.

D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

備考點(diǎn)睛

C 考查段尾細(xì)節(jié)句。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的內(nèi)容可知，文章提倡不要過度分享個(gè)人信息，當(dāng)學(xué)生們需要延期上交作業(yè)時(shí)，只需向教授簡單地解釋一下情況。C 選項(xiàng)中的more information與上文中的information為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，符合語境。

2.過渡句

當(dāng)設(shè)空在非尾段段末時(shí)，設(shè)空處也有可能是承上啟下的過渡句。假如文章缺的是段落間的過渡句，考生首先可以關(guān)注表示邏輯關(guān)系的銜接詞，再結(jié)合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等原則選出答案。

真題鏈接

(2017·全國乙卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping,I would have laughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.36

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.

D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however.

E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.

備考點(diǎn)睛

D 本題考查段落過渡句。根據(jù)設(shè)空處上文“如果三年前有人告訴我，以后我會(huì)花大部分周末時(shí)間在露營上面，我會(huì)放聲大笑。在我看來，露營者是喜歡被昆蟲咬、吃不好吃的飯菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋的人。這些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介紹我去露營的朋友們認(rèn)為這是一次具有開創(chuàng)性的露營。這次露營比較艱難。我們睡帳篷，在篝火上做飯，走很遠(yuǎn)的路去洗澡和上廁所。這次對(duì)大自然的短暫造訪讓我請(qǐng)了兩天假，要在皮膚嚴(yán)重曬傷后進(jìn)行恢復(fù)，并且還要向醫(yī)生支付治療我兒子食物中毒的賬單”可知，兩段之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以要填一個(gè)承上啟下的過渡句，D 選項(xiàng)“然而，從那時(shí)起我要學(xué)很多關(guān)于露營的知識(shí)”符合語境。

3.結(jié)論句

通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，選項(xiàng)會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞，故正確選項(xiàng)中一般有這樣的特征詞，如therefore、as a result、thus、hence、in short、to sum up、to conclude、in a word 等。選項(xiàng)中也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)前文的同義詞或其他同義表達(dá)。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出設(shè)空處與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，考生可以考慮設(shè)空處與下一段的開頭是否有關(guān)聯(lián)。

真題鏈接

(2020·全國乙卷)Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today.3__9

A.Feeling upset again?

B.Where do you start?

C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D.Remember,you are only human.

備考點(diǎn)睛

C 考查段尾結(jié)論句。本題設(shè)空在段尾，故首先看前文。根據(jù)上文中的“List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.”可知，這些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得慶祝。C 選項(xiàng)“沒有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝的”是對(duì)上文的概括總結(jié)，符合語境。

四翼考法預(yù)判

“穩(wěn)中求變”是七選五閱讀理解命題的重要原則。“穩(wěn)”主要體現(xiàn)在文本的篇幅和考點(diǎn)的分布上，“變”主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：語篇類型的變化和新話題的出現(xiàn)。

創(chuàng)新路徑1 精選素材，豐富語篇類型

高考中的七選五閱讀理解在語篇類型上以說明文為主，但命題人也會(huì)穿插使用記敘文。在備考過程中，考生應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)說明文、記敘文以及議論文等多種類型語篇的練習(xí)。

真題鏈接

(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.36So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管裝置)worked.37Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,“Ouverture des portes,”in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered,and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.

Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago,they eat great food and never gain weight.3_8 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.

39_On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost$18!

In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded.40When do these people work?The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.

A.Not all the customers are tourists.

B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.

C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.

D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.

G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.

備考點(diǎn)睛

本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者夫婦二人在巴黎居住的感受。考生在解題時(shí)應(yīng)關(guān)注各個(gè)段落的主旨大意，圍繞段落的話題選出最佳選項(xiàng)，同時(shí)充分考慮句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。

答案：FCGEA

創(chuàng)新路徑2 選取熱點(diǎn)話題，引導(dǎo)考生關(guān)注生活

高考命題堅(jiān)持貼近學(xué)習(xí)、貼近生活，同時(shí)新的話題也在不斷涌現(xiàn)。新的話題可以與考生的生活有一定的距離。2021年全國甲卷的七選五閱讀理解介紹了通過衣物交換來處理舊衣服的方法，2021 年全國乙卷的七選五閱讀理解介紹了在晚宴上讓自己表現(xiàn)得有趣的一些技巧，2020 年全國乙卷的七選五閱讀理解介紹了幾個(gè)自我接納的小技巧，2020 年全國甲卷的七選五閱讀理解介紹了表情符號(hào)及其在工作交流中所帶來的優(yōu)勢(shì)，2019 年全國丙卷的七選五閱讀理解介紹了上網(wǎng)課時(shí)應(yīng)注意的交際事項(xiàng)。這些語篇都體現(xiàn)了高考命題選取熱點(diǎn)話題以及引導(dǎo)考生關(guān)注生活的特點(diǎn)。

真題鏈接

(2020·全國甲卷)

Emoji(表情符號(hào))and Workplace Communication

In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.36. It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.

Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling,keeping intention clear.37,encouraging better and more frequent communication.

In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.38. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲線). The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.

There is also the matter of tone (語氣).Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?39. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.

40_, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.

A.Messages with emojis feel more conversational

B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly

C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange

D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally

E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly

F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace

G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform

備考點(diǎn)睛

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了表情符號(hào)與職場(chǎng)溝通的關(guān)系。職場(chǎng)溝通的話題更加貼近成人生活，一些考生對(duì)表情符號(hào)和職場(chǎng)溝通這一話題并不了解。在設(shè)題方面，命題人依據(jù)詞法(指代、反義詞)、句法(遞進(jìn))、篇法(段落主題句)分別設(shè)題，使試題具有一定的區(qū)分度。

答案：DAGBF

一核考題預(yù)演

見P72～P76學(xué)習(xí)妙測(cè)“2023年高考熱點(diǎn)命題2：補(bǔ)全信息”對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容。