陳一力
“一……就”,常用來連接兩個緊密相連 的動作。一看到它,許多同學(xué)最先想到的便 是“as soon as”。事實(shí)上,除了這一表達(dá)方法 外,還有其他的表達(dá)方式。對此,筆者進(jìn)行 了總結(jié),以期對同學(xué)們有所幫助。
一、as soon as
aas soon as 是“一……就”使用頻率最高 的英語表達(dá)方式。它引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時, 若主句用一般將來時,那么從句則用一般現(xiàn) 在時代替一般將來時;若主句是一般過去 時,從句可以用一般過去時,也可以用完成 時。例如:
As soon as I see her,Ill tell her the goodnews.
我一看到她就告訴她這個好消息。(主句一般將來時,從句一般現(xiàn)在時)
She got married as soon as she graduated.
她一畢業(yè)就結(jié)婚了。(主句用一般過去時,從句用一般過去時)
Jack tore up the letter as soon as he hadread it.
杰克一讀完那封信就把它撕了。(主句用一般過去時,從句用過去完成時)
二、no sooner...than
在英語中,“no sooner...than”表示“一……就”時,前一部分用過去完成時,than后面的句子則用一般過去時,即“主語+had no sooner done...than+主語+did...”。若no soon- er 置于句首,句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝。例如:
The rain had no sooner stopped than we went mushrooming.
雨剛一停,我們就去采蘑菇了。
I had no sooner lain down than Alice called me.
我剛一躺下,愛麗絲的電話就來了。
No sooner had he bought the car than he sold it.
他剛買了車,就又把它賣了。
三、hardly...when
“hardly...when ”表示“一……就”時,其句式結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+had hardly done...when+主語+did...”。若“hardly ”位于句首,應(yīng)注意把句子進(jìn)行倒裝。例如:
The sun had hardly appeared when the children got up.
太陽剛露頭兒,孩子們就起來了。
We had hardly arrived there when it be- gan to rain.
我們一到,天就下起雨來。
Hardly had the play begun when the lightwent out.
演出剛一開始,燈就熄滅了。
三、on/upon+名詞或動名詞
當(dāng)介詞短語“on或upon+名詞或動名詞”在句中作狀語時,也可以作“一……就”解釋,它通常置于句首。例如:
On/Upon hearing the good news, theyjumped in excitement.
一聽到這個好消息,他們就激動地跳了起來。
On/Upon returning to his home, he toldhis parents the whole story.
一回到家,他就把事件的經(jīng)過告訴了他的父母。
On/Upon our arrival, she received uskindly.
我們一到達(dá),她就熱情地接待了我們。
四、the moment/ minute/ instant
在英語中,名詞詞組“the moment/ minute/ instant”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,實(shí)際上也蘊(yùn)含著“一……就”的意思。它們的位置也較為靈活,既可以放在主句的前面,也可以放在主句的后面。例如:
The moment it clears up,my friends andI will go fishing.
天氣一轉(zhuǎn)晴,我和我的朋友們就去釣魚。
I knew Miss Li was coming the minute I heard the voice.
我一聽到這個聲音就知道李老師來了。
The instant they entered the school gate, they were stopped by the doorkeeper.
他們剛一進(jìn)學(xué)校大門,就被門衛(wèi)給攔住了。
五、directly/instantly/immediately
在英語中,directly/instantly/immediately 也可以用來表示“一……就”,它們通常置于句首或句中。例如:
Directly after lunch we were packed and ready to go.
一吃完午飯我們就收拾好準(zhǔn)備出發(fā)了。
Instantly she got to the office, she sat down and wrote the work plan.
她一到辦公室就坐下寫工作計(jì)劃。
They went to a movie immediately they had finished work.
他們一干完活就去看電影了。
總之,“一……就”的英語表達(dá)方式可謂是豐富多樣。在平時的英語學(xué)習(xí)中,同學(xué)們要注重進(jìn)行一句多譯的訓(xùn)練,加強(qiáng)詞匯和句型的積累,這樣在寫作時就能信手拈來。