英國的古老城堡

山東 孫啟祿

Berkhamsted Castle

1Built in 1066 by Robert of Mortain, Berkhamsted Castle is the oldest castle in England.In 1216, the castle was captured by LouisⅧand was owned by several members of the royal family in the following years.By the 15th century, the castle became unpopular with a reputation as being unfit for the royal leaders.A conical motte (城堡丘陵) stands at the northeast corner of the castle.The London-Birmingham Railway was directed through the castle.Berkhamsted was the first castle to be protected by an Act of Parliament(議會).

Norwich Castle

2The Norwich Castle was built between 1066 and 1075 in Norwich, England by William the Conqueror to keep the newly acquired kingdom of East Anglia in subjection (屈服).The castle is fitted with an entry that is 88ft long and 68ft high.The southern half of the castle is divided into several rooms including a fireplace, a private king's room, and a chapel (小教堂).Since its construction,the castle has served as a garrison (駐防地),a county prison,and currently acts as a museum.The Norwich Castle Museum & Art Gallery houses a collection of art,archaeology,and national exhibitions.

Warwick Castle

3Warwick Castle in Warwickshire, England, was built in 1068 by William the Conqueror.The original castle was built of wood before being rebuilt in stone in the 12th century.A river flows below the castle on the eastern side where eroding rock has formed a cliff that acts as a natural barrier.The castle has been open to the public since the 17th century and has become a significant part of history of 19th century England.

Lincoln Castle

4Lincoln Castle in Lincoln, England, was constructed in 1068 by William the Conqueror to replace a Roman fortress (堡壘) that occupied the land.It is one of two castles that have two mottes, the other one being Lewes Castle.It is one of the best-preserved castles in England after serving as a prison and a law court.It is now open to the public as a museum.

Reading Check

1.What can we learn about Berkhamsted Castle?

A.The king's family once lived in it.

B.It was constructed by Louis Ⅷ.

C.It lies in the northeast corner of England.

D.It is the newest-preserved castle in England.

2.What is special about Warwick Castle?

A.It was built as a museum.

B.It was a wooden castle at first.

C.It was built as a natural barrier.

D.It was built by William the Conqueror in 1067.

3.What do Norwich Castle and Lincoln Castle have in common?

A.They both have two mottes.

B.They were built at the same time.

C.They act as museums at present.

D.They were once used as the king's palace.

?語篇解碼

本文是一篇信息性文本，主要介紹了英國四座古老的城堡。

?語言學習

Ⅰ.語料薈萃

語篇單詞重要短語castle n.城堡 capture vt.奪取century n.世紀 royal adj.皇家的reputation n.名譽；名望 protect v.保護acquire vt.獲得 including prep.包括currently adv.目前 museum n.博物館collection n.一批物品；收藏品 significant adj.重要的construct vt.建設 replace vt.代替_____________occupy vt.占領___________________________________________________________________________preserve_vt.保存；保護become unpopular with 不受……的歡迎 be unfit for 不適合……be fitted with 配備有……at the corner of 在……的角落be divided into 被分成……be open to the public 對公眾開放____________se___________________________________________________________________rve_as_用作；充當

Ⅱ.語句分析

1.A river flows below the castle on the eastern side where eroding rock has formed a cliff that acts as a natural barrier.一條河流流經城堡東側的下方，侵蝕的巖石形成了峭壁，這種峭壁充當了天然屏障。

【點石成金】本句是一個主從復合句。A river flows below the castle on the eastern side是主句，where eroding rock has formed a cliff 是限制性定語從句。

2.The castle has been open to the public since the 17th century and has become a significant part of history of 19th century England.這座城堡自17 世紀開始向公眾開放，并成為19世紀英格蘭歷史的重要組成部分。

【點石成金】本句是一個簡單句。句子的主干The castle has been open...and has become a significant part是主系表結構。

?語言運用

Ⅰ.例句仿寫

1.當我看到那張老照片時，我總是回想起我們相遇的場景。

As I saw the old photo,I always looked back on the scene ______________________.

2.我的家鄉是一個三面環山的美麗村莊。

My hometown is a beautiful village _______________________.

Ⅱ.寫作實踐

假定你是李華，你和父母決定暑假期間到英國旅游，打算去參觀幾座著名的城堡。請你給英國好友Alice寫一封郵件，讓她推薦幾處。要點如下：

1.計劃去旅游的時間和天數；

2.希望她推薦幾處城堡。

注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

Dear Alice,

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Yours,

Li Hua