First aid for mild sprain

四川 蔣建平

主題語境：扭傷急救

篇幅：345詞

建議用時：7分鐘

1Your ligaments（韌帶）are tough,flexible bands that connect bone to bone and hold your joints in place.A sprain(扭傷) is an injury to a ligament caused by tearing of the fibers of the ligament.

2Ankle sprains are the most common type of sprain.Wrist,knee and thumb sprains are also common.Sprained ligaments often swell rapidly and are painful.Generally,the greater the pain and swelling（腫脹）are,the more severe the injury is.For most minor sprains,you probably can start injury treatment yourself.Do as the following instructions if you sprain your limb.

3Rest the injured limb.Your doctor may recommend not putting any weight on the injured area for 48 to 72 hours,so you may need to use crutches（拐杖）.But don't avoid all activity.Even with an ankle sprain,you can usually still exercise other muscles to minimize deconditioning（失調）.For example,you can use an exercise bicycle with arm exercise handles,working both your arms and the uninjured leg while resting the injured ankle on another part of the bike.That way you still get three-limb exercise to keep healthy.

4Ice the area.Use a cold pack filled with cold water to help limit swelling after an injury.Try to ice the area as soon as possible after the injury and continue to ice it for 15 to 20 minutes,four to eight times a day,for the first 48 hours or until swelling improves.Ifyou use ice,be careful not to use it too long,as this could cause tissue damage.

5Press the area with an elastic（有彈性的）wrap or bandage.Wraps or bandages made from elastic or neoprene are best.Raise the injured limb above your heart whenever possible to help prevent or limit swelling.

6Sprains can take days to months to recover.It is essential to restore strength and stability to the injured limb before a return to sports or fitness activities.A physical therapist or other sports medicine provider can provide you with the appropriate strength and stability exercises to optimize healing and minimize the risk of repeat injury.

Reading

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Detail

1.What is the symptom of a sprain injury?

基于IC卡刷卡時間識別公交刷卡乘客上車站點(模型2)存在以下問題：部分站點沒有乘客刷卡上車；乘客早晚高峰時段出行，車廂內人數較多，部分乘客為尋求方便會選擇從后門上車，這種情況的刷卡數據一般是距離站點一段距離. 此類問題會導致站點無法識別或識別錯誤. 模型2相較于模型1存在明顯的缺陷.

A.Red skin.B.Broken bones.

C.Rapid swelling.D.Joint pain.

Detail

2.What is the function of crutches?

A.To reduce swelling.

B.To fix the joints.

C.To free the injured area of weight.

D.To avoid injury infection.

3.Which is the right treatment if you sprain your limb?

A.Use a cold pack 48 hours after the injury.

B.Keep the injured limb lower than the heart.

C.Have a good rest without doing exercise.

D.Wrap the injured area with an elastic bandage.

Vocabulary

4.What does the underlined word“optimize”mean in the last paragraph?

A.Maximize.B.Observe.

C.Measure.D.Restore.

Language

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Ⅰ.Difficult sentence in the text

If you use ice,be careful not to use it too long,as this could cause tissue damage.如果你是用冰敷，注意一次時間不能太長，以免造成組織凍傷。

【點石成金】該句的主句為祈使句be careful not to use it too long，該句還有一個if引導的條件句和as引導的原因狀語從句。

Ⅱ.Text-centered chunks

minor sprain 輕度扭傷

cold pack 冰袋

limit swelling 限制腫脹

tissue damage 組織損傷

repeat injury 重復受傷