黃馥
什么樣的續寫才是好的續寫?對于這個問題,讀后續寫的優秀檔次要求告訴我們:與所給文章融洽度高,與所提供的各段落開頭語銜接合理。創造了新穎、豐富、合理的內容,富有邏輯性,續寫完整。使用了多樣且恰當的詞匯和語法結構,表達流暢,可能有些許小錯誤,但完全不影響理解。自然有效地使用了段落間、語句間的銜接成分,全文結構清晰,前后呼應,意義連貫。
其中,關于“與所給文章融洽度高”和“前后呼應”的要求,就是要求我們在續寫時要復現前面故事的信息或者呼應前文埋下的伏筆,讓續寫的部分與前面的故事“融洽無間”。我們可以從小至詞語、大到片段來“Cue”讀后續寫的故事前文。
一、詞語復現
故事描寫中有時會出現一些詞語,要么形象地描述人物特征,要么精準地概括了事物的特點,抓住這些詞,續寫時再用上它們,就如同使用上了“粘合劑”,讓故事前文和后文銜接起來了。
例如:2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷讀后續寫“鼓勵腦疾兒童不放棄比賽”故事中的閱讀部分有關于主人公David的外貌描寫:He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today.那么在續寫到最后David完成了比賽,我們可以復現一下David的這個“露出牙齒的”笑容:When he finished the run, everyone cheered, and his toothy smile brightened his face.
再例如:2021年1月八省聯考模擬試題讀后續寫“車子拋錨,路遇一個墨西哥家庭的相助”故事中的閱讀部分有關于墨西哥一家人出場的描寫:Right as I was about to give up, a Mexican family in a small truck pulled over, and the father bounded out.那么在續寫中寫到墨西哥一家人驅車離開時,就可以復現一下這輛小貨車:I waved them goodbye, seeing their small truck moving off.
二、句子呼應
讀后續寫閱讀部分有時會出現一些關于個人想法或計劃安排的句子,對故事情節發展會有暗示作用,找到這些句子,在續寫中呼應它們,順應原故事發展續寫故事,這樣整篇文章就能“渾然一體”。
例如:2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷讀后續寫“鼓勵腦疾兒童不放棄比賽”故事中的閱讀部分有關于“我”對David的看法: As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his determination.那么在續寫中寫到“我”鼓勵David不要放棄比賽就可以呼應前文這個句子:I patted him on the shoulder, saying, “David, I know the challenges you face, but I am always proud of your determination. Come on.”
再例如:2021年1月八省聯考模擬試題讀后續寫“車子拋錨,路遇一個墨西哥家庭的相助”故事中的閱讀部分有關于小女孩與主人公的交流:I asked the little girl where they lived. Mexico, she said. They were in Oregon so Mommy and Daddy could work on a fruit farm for the next few weeks. Then they would go home.那么在續寫中寫到與這一墨西哥家庭道別時就可以呼應前文這個句子:I thanked the girl and wished her and her parents to have a good time on the fruit farm for the next few weeks.
三、片段重述
故事中有些關于動作過程或環境場景的描述片段,給讀者生動的畫面感,在續寫時,根據情節需求,重述這些片段,回顧了前文,故事讀起來更順暢合理。
例如:2021年新高考全國Ⅰ卷讀后續寫“雙胞胎Jeff和Jenna在母親節給母親做早餐”故事中的閱讀部分有關于雙胞胎做早餐的動作描寫:They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan.。那么在續寫中寫到爸爸協助雙胞胎完成這頓母親節的愛心早餐時就可以重述這個片段:Their father asked Jeff to boil the porridge and watch out of the pot and then Jenna broke another two eggs, added in some milk and put another two slices of bread into the egg mixture. Finally, their father helped her fry the bread.
再例如:2020年山東卷讀后續寫“Meredith一家幫助貧困鄰居男孩Bernard賣爆米花創業”故事中的閱讀部分有關于熱心助人的Mrs. Meredith的三個孩子之一John提出的幫助貧困男孩Bernard創業的主意描寫:“I tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”。那么在續寫中寫到John將這個想法告訴Bernard,或者寫到Meredith一家如何幫助Bernard將這個想法付諸于實踐,或者寫到Bernard如何自己去制作爆米花和販賣爆米花,都可以重述一下這個片段:Mrs. Meredith and her children told Bernard the idea: They could make the corn which was from Uncle John into popcorn and then the popcorn could be put into paper bags and sold.
注意:在前文片段重述時可以通過增刪信息內容、調換句子順序、改變表達句型等方式,避免大段抄襲原文的嫌疑。
讀后續寫題型就是協同寫作,和原文故事作者一起把這個故事寫完、寫好。所以,我們在進行寫作時,多挖掘前文作者有心埋下的線索,嘗試本文介紹的三種方法:詞語復現、句子呼應和片段復述,既可以達到有話可說,充實內容的作用,又可以與原文融為一體,提升續寫的融洽度,讓我們的故事續寫得更有水準。
責任 編輯 吳昊雷