健脾益氣止泄瀉

文/卓鵬偉

“清江一曲抱村流，長夏江村事事幽”。農歷六月，古稱“長夏”，天氣陰雨多濕，脾虛之人容易被濕氣所困，出現胸悶、吐瀉等病癥。

The river flows around the village and everything is quiet in long summer.Lunar Calendar June was called"long summer" in ancient times.The weather is rainy and humid, thus people with spleen deficiency are easily trapped by pathogenic dampness, leading to chest tightness, vomiting, diarrhea and other diseases.

白術

邋遢和尚傳良方Sloppy monk presenting a good prescription

明朝嘉靖年間，某夏，福建平和縣宮廷典樂官李文察的夫人突患急病，胸悶腹痛，時吐時瀉，多方求治，均無效果。情急之下，李文察派人張貼榜文，重金求治。一天黃昏，一位獨眼和尚揭下榜文。李文察看到和尚衣衫襤褸，邋遢不羈，心中涼了半截，但還是打算勉強一試。和尚把脈看診后，確認病因是濕氣入侵脾臟，遂以自制參苓白術散進行治療。李夫人服用后效果顯著，病情逐漸好轉并痊愈。

In Ming Dynasty during Jiajing period, in Pinghe County of Fujian Province, court music official Li Wencha' wife suddenly suffered from an acute illness with symptom of chest tightness and abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea.Many doctors tried but failed.In a pinch, Li Wencha had to post a list to offer a reward for therapy.One day at dusk, a oneeyed monk unveiled the list.Li Wencha almost lost the confidence due to the monk's ragged clothes.Eventually, he reluctantly gave it a try.The monk took the pulse to diagnose and confirmed that the cause of the disease was dampness invading the spleen.He treated the patient with homemade “Shenling Baizhu San”.The patient had the medicine with remarkable effect and come to recovery.

此后，該方慢慢為民間所用，逐步推廣開來。到了宋代，由官方出版的《太平惠民和劑局方》收錄了此方，使其成為健脾祛濕的千古名方。Since then, the prescription has been slowly used by the people and gradually popularized.In the Song Dynasty, the prescription was recorded in He Ji Ju Fang, which became a famous prescription for strengthening spleen and dispelling dampness.

補氣健脾阻濕邪Reinforcing qi; strengthening spleen and blocking dampness

參苓白術散是中醫治療脾虛腹瀉的代表方劑，由10味藥組成：人參、白術、茯苓益氣健脾，共為君藥；山藥、蓮子、薏苡仁、白扁豆止瀉，共為臣藥；砂仁芳香醒脾、行氣化滯，為佐藥；炒甘草和胃、調和諸藥，桔梗載藥上行，共為使藥。全方合用，能補氣健脾、滲濕止瀉，可從根本上阻斷濕邪入侵，且藥性非常平和，幾乎適合所有人。Shenling Baizhu San is a typical prescription for the treatment of diarrhea of spleen deficiency in TCM.The prescription consists of 10 herbs.Radix Ginseng, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Poria cocos Reinforce qi and invigorate spleen, which are regarded as the monarch medicine.Dioscoreae Rhizoma;Andrographis Herba;Coicis Semen and Lablab Semen Album relieve diarrhea, which are regarded as the minister medicine.Amomum villosum Lour is used to invigorate the spleen and remove stagnation with its aroma and is regarded as the assistant medicine.Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparate regulates the stomach and harmonizes all medicines.Platycodon grandiflorum is used to lead drugs upward.The two herbs are regarded as the guide medicine.The whole prescription can enhance qi, strengthen the spleen, dissolve dampness for relieve diarrhea and fundamentally block the invasion of dampness.Furthermore, the prescription is almost suitable for everyone,thanks to its mild medicinal properties.

在現代臨床醫學實踐中，參苓白術散是治療慢性胃腸炎、消化性潰瘍等病的良藥。此外，該方還可用于治療貧血、低血壓、慢性腎炎、婦女帶下病等癥。In modern clinical medical practice, Shenling Baizhu San is a good medicine to chronic gastroenteritis, peptic ulcer and other diseases.In addition, the prescription can also be used to treat anemia, low blood pressure, chronic nephritis and leukorrheal diseases.

培土生金相生理Theory of reinforcing earth to generate metal

中醫理論認為，人體水液代謝需要脾運化和肺通調共同作用。脾臟五行屬土，肺臟五行屬金，參苓白術散在配伍和功效上皆有“培土生金”的功效，蘊含五行相生之理。According to TCM theory, water metabolism in human body requires the transportation by the spleen and regulation by the lungs.According to the five elements theory, the spleen belongs to the earth element while the lung belongs to the gold element.The prescription of Shenling Baizhu San reflects the theory of mutual growth of the five elements, namely reinforcing earth to generate metal.

參苓白術散中的人參、白術、茯苓、甘草可健脾土以運化濕邪，桔梗等藥通調水道、旺盛肺氣（生金），以草木之力提升人體脾、肺兩臟功能，最終達到排除多余濕氣，恢復身體健康的目的。

Radix Ginseng, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Poria cocos in Shenling Baizhu San can strengthen the spleen in order to transport and transform dampness.Platycodon grandiflorum and other herbs can regulate the water channel and promote the lung's vitality to generate the gold element in order to activate the functions of the spleen and lung with the power of herbs and trees and ultimately achieve the purpose of eliminating excess dampness and restoring the body's health.

結 語Conclusion

“脾喜燥而惡濕”。參苓白術散的標準密碼在于“健脾滲濕”四個字，其中“健脾”是恢復脾臟運化濕氣功能，“滲濕”則是中醫療法中的水液排泄。濕氣的運化和排泄同時進行，使參苓白術散成為夏日不可或缺的保健良方。"The spleen is in favor of dryness and sick of dampness." The standard code of Shenling Baizhu San lies in the words "strengthening t h e s p l e e n a n d e l i m i n a t i n g d a m p n e s s"."Strengthening the spleen" means restoring the spleen's function of transporting and transforming dampness."Eliminating dampness"means drainage in TCM.Shenling Baizhu San achieves simultaneous transportation and excretion of dampness.As a result, the prescription is known as an indispensable health remedy in summer.