招月,金高,周勝,2
矩形hBN層狀光柵中的Goos-H?nchen位移
招月1,金高1,周勝1,2
(1. 哈爾濱師范大學 物理與電子工程學院,黑龍江 哈爾濱 150025;2. 廣州航海學院 基礎教學部,廣東 廣州 510725)
六方氮化硼(hBN)是一種天然的范德瓦爾斯雙曲材料,在兩個紅外波長范圍內表現出雙曲色散關系,可用于加強光與物質的相互作用.在目前的工作中,設計了矩形層狀光柵hBN(RLG)結構,通過數值模擬發現能夠增大Goos-H?nchen(GH)位移的同時具有較高的反射率.利用電場分布直接揭示了GH位移增強歸因于RLG結構中的高局域的電場.值得注意的是,GH峰值的頻率和寬度也可以由入射光偏振,hBN層各向異性軸方向的高度和厚度等參數來調控.基于GH位移的RLG結構傳感特性,靈敏度高達1.401 μm/ RIU.這些結果可以為高靈敏光學傳感器、光學開關和光電子探測器的設計提供有益參考.
Goos-H?nchen位移;hBN光柵;光學傳感器
在幾何光學中,入射光束和反射光束嚴格滿足反射定律,但在1947年,Goos和H?nchen[1]兩位科學家在實驗中首次發現光束在兩種界面上發生全反射時,反射光束相對于幾何光學反射光束會產生橫向位移,后來人們把這種現象稱為Goos-H?nchen(GH)位移[2].1948年Artmann[3]在物理上提出了穩態相位法,對這種現象做出了理論解釋,同時還給出了求GH位移的公式


GH位移可以被介電光柵層中導模共振的激發增強[18-21].例如:LI[22]等研究了SLG、介電光柵、銀膜和1DPC雜化結構中的GH位移,其GH位移可以被來自于金屬層中的SPR和1DPC中的波導模式聯合效應在特定角度下最大增大到波長的7430倍,證實了GH位移可以通過改變SLG的費米能量來調整.ZHU[23]等研究了單層二硫化鉬和對稱/不對稱介電光柵組合結構中反射波的生長激素位移.當單層二硫化鉬接到對稱和非對稱介電光柵層上時,GH位移可以被顯著增強,其增強可歸因于介電光柵層中導模共振的激發.單層二硫化鉬不對稱光柵實現了高達9490倍的波長.巨大的GH位移往往伴隨著極低的反射率,這在一定程度上給研究造成了阻礙,這種情況一般采用弱測量的方法進行精密測量.弱測量是被Aharonov[24]等在1988年首次提出的,他們認為測量得到的弱值可以遠遠大于可觀測量的范圍.直到1991年,Ritchie[25]等在實驗中驗證了這一理論的正確性.弱測量為量子測量提供了新方法,更重要的是,弱測量的弱值放大效應為微弱信號的精密測量提供了嶄新的思路.但是,對弱信號的捕捉、放大和檢測也必然需要很大的工作量.
本文利用中心光束法,研究了矩形hBN層狀光柵增強GH位移的可能性.研究發現,GH位移可以有效地被該結構增大,特別是在GH位移達到峰值時,相應波長上的反射率[26]也很高,這克服了GH值和反射率之間的困難.


圖1 矩形hBN層狀光柵結構示意圖

圖2 不同頻率情況下hBN的介電常數

中心光束法是計算GH位移的一種有效方法.基于斯奈爾公式和有效的瓊斯矩陣[29],它可以很容易地描述光束的波場變換和結構的接觸面,并確定光束質心坐標.其計算公式可以表示為[30]



圖3 矩形hBN層狀光柵結構GH位移和反射率隨頻率的變化


圖4 矩形hBN層狀光柵結構在不同頻率下電場分布


圖5 橫電(TE)波和橫磁(TM)波分別入射及各項異軸平行于軸時的GH位移和反射率
注:黑色的虛線表示TE波;紅色的實線代表TM波;插圖顯示了TM波在相應頻率的局部放大圖.


圖6 不同參數下GH位移和反射率隨頻率的變化

式中:定義為峰值波長;在的條件下,;為光在空氣中的速度;,為入射波頻率;,為上方空間的介電常數,折射率與介電常數的關系為.在從左側入射的情況下,對介電常數很敏感(見圖7).本文分析了RLG結構在GH位移中的作用,以探討其在傳感器中的潛在應用.利用靈敏度因子對該傳感器的性能進行了表征.當介電常數從1.001到1.01,掃描間隔為0.00 1時,尋找GH位移最大最高的靈敏性,其靈敏度可達到.值得注意的是,空氣的介電常數為1,溫度可以改變其介電常數.

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Goos-Hanchen shift in rectangular hBN layered gratings
ZHAO Yue1,JIN Gao1,ZHOU Sheng1,2
(1. School of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China;2. Department of Basic Teaching,Guangzhou Navigation University,Guangzhou 510725,China)
hBN is a van der Waals material which is expected to a naturally occurring hyperbolic material,exhibits natural hyperbolic dispersion relations in tworangesofinfrared wavelengths that can strengthen light-matter interactions.In the present work,a rectangular laminar grating hBN(RLG)structure is designed,which is found to be able to increase the Goos-H?nchen(GH)shift with high reflectivity through numerical simulations.The electromagnetic field distribution in this structure directly reveals that enhanced GH shift can be attributed to electric field of the high localization in the RLG structure.It is worth noting that the frequency and width of the GH peak can also be regulated by parameters such as incident light polarization,height and thickness of the direction of the anisotropic axis of the hBN layer.In addition,the structure-sensing properties based on the GH shift was evaluated with a sensitivity of up to 1.401 μm/ RIU.The increased and controlled GH shift in the RLG structure shows promise for the applications,such as,optical sensors,optical switches and optoelectronic detectors.
Goos-H?nchen shift;hBN gratings;optical sensors
1007-9831(2023)11-0032-07
O43∶TB32
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9831.2023.11.007
2023-09-17
哈爾濱師范大學研究生課程建設項目;哈爾濱師范大學研究生創新項目(HSDSSCX2022-49)
招月(1999-),女,黑龍江綏化人,在讀碩士研究生,從事微納光學研究.E-mail:2291346449@qq.com
周勝(1978?),男,黑龍江哈爾濱人,教授,碩士生導師,從事微納光學研究.E-mail:zhousheng_wl@126.com