世界與環境

廣東 曾沛楷

激活·素養解讀

實踐·讀寫整合

Climate change

氣候變化

1Climate change is a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns.Often climate change refers specifically to the rise in global temperatures from the mid-20th century to the present.

2Climate is sometimes mistaken for weather.But climate is different from weather because it is measured over a long period of time,whereas weather can change from day to day,or from year to year.The climate of an area includes seasonal temperature,rainfall averages and wind patterns.Different places have different climates.A desert,for example,is referred to as an arid climate because little water falls as rain or snow,during the year.Other types of climate include tropical climates,which are hot and humid,and temperate climates,which have warm summers and cold winters.

3Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.Climate change could refer to a particular location or the planet as a whole.Climate change may cause weather patterns to be less predictable.These unexpected weather patterns can make it difficult to maintain and grow crops in regions that rely on farming because expected temperature and rainfall levels can no longer be relied on.Climate change has also been connected with other damaging weather events such as more frequent and more intense hurricanes,floods,downpours and winter storms.

4In polar regions,the warming global temperatures associated with climate change have meant ice sheets and glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate from season to season.This contributes to sea levels rising in different regions of the planet.Together with expanding ocean waters due to rising temperatures,the resulting rise in sea level has begun to damage coastlines as a result of increased flooding and erosion.

5The cause of current climate change is largely human activity,such as burning fossil fuels like natural gas,oil and coal.Burning these materials releases what are called greenhouse gases into Earth's atmosphere.There,these gases trap heat from the sun's rays inside the atmosphere causing Earth's average temperature to rise.This rise in the planet's temperature is called global warming.The warming of the planet impacts local and regional climates.Throughout Earth's history,climate has continually changed.When occurring naturally,this is a slow process that has taken place over hundreds and thousands of years.The human-influenced climate change that is happening now is occurring at a much faster rate.

Activity A Reading for understanding

語篇解碼

（一）主題歸納

What is the text mainly about?

（二）結構分析與信息梳理

Fill in the blanks according to the text with only one word for each blank.

Activity B Reading for writing

一、詞塊積累

refer specifically to 特指

be measured over a long period of time 經過長時間的測量

change from day to day 天天變化

fall as rain or snow 以雨或雪的形式落下

have warm summers 有溫暖的夏季

be referred to as 被稱為

rely on 依賴

be connected with 與……有關聯

melt at an accelerated rate 加速融化

contribute to 有助于

rise in different regions of the planet 在地球的不同地區上升

expanding ocean waters（不斷）擴大的海洋水域

二、典句賞析

（一）讓步狀語從句

But climate is different from weather because it is measured over a long period of time,whereas weather can change from day to day,or from year to year.但是氣候與天氣不同，因為氣候是經過長時間測量的，而天氣可以天天變化或年年變化。

【點石成金】whereas 引導讓步狀語從句，當置于句首時，需要用逗號將從句與主句隔開。

【例句仿寫】壓倒性的科學證據支持這一事實，即氣候變化正在發生，并且在很大程度上是由人類活動引起的,盡管有些人否認氣候變化的存在。

（二）時間狀語從句

When occurring naturally,this is a slow process that has taken place over hundreds and thousands of years.當它自然發生時，這是一個緩慢的過程，已經持續了幾百甚至幾千年。

【點石成金】When引導時間狀語從句，并且when后面省略了it is。

【例句仿寫】當忽視人類活動對地球氣候的影響時，我們正在加速氣候變化并破壞我們的環境。

三、寫作遷移

每年4月是你校的環境保護月。假定你是李華，學校環境保護社社長，請你代表社團以“Slowing down global warming”為主題寫一篇演講稿。內容包括：

1.描述全球氣候變暖的現狀和危害；

2.分析原因；

3.列舉措施。

注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用一個本文中解析過的句式；

4.注意段落內的邏輯關系。

Dear fellow students,

寫作導引

?激活思維

本次寫作任務是寫一篇演講稿，要求我們代表環境保護社向全校學生簡單、清晰地介紹全球氣候變暖的現狀和危害，分析現狀的成因并列舉措施。題目要求我們使用讓步狀語從句或時間狀語從句。這些寫作要求與所給語篇的主題語境是緊密相關的。我們可以通過整合同一主題的閱讀材料的內容和語言，梳理寫作思路和積累素材。

?素材積累

本次寫作任務是基于同一主題的語篇閱讀的寫作，我們可以通過學習、模仿并運用閱讀中的語言表達，如詞塊和句型，積累寫作的語言素材。

（一）開頭

1.Ladies and gentlemen,today I would like to share with you an important issue that affects our lives—global warming.女士們，先生們，今天我想和大家分享一個影響我們生活的重要問題——全球（氣候）變暖。

2.At this critical moment,we must face the challenges brought about by global warming and find solutions.在這個關鍵的時刻，我們必須正視全球（氣候）變暖所帶來的挑戰，找到解決之道。

（二）全球氣候變暖的現狀和危害

1.Global warming has made weather patterns become unpredictable,causing great difficulties in agriculture as we can no longer rely on expected temperatures and rainfall for planting and farming.全球（氣候）變暖導致天氣模式變得不可預測，給農業帶來了巨大的困擾，因為我們無法再依賴預期的溫度和降雨量進行種植和養殖。

2.Global warming also brings about more frequent and intense natural disasters such as hurricanes,floods,heavy rainfall and winter storms,posing significant threats to human lives and property.全球（氣候）變暖還帶來更頻繁、更強烈的自然災害，如颶風、洪水、暴雨和冬季風暴，給人們的生命和財產造成了極大的威脅。

（三）分析現狀的成因

1.The current climate change is primarily caused by human activity,such as burning fossil fuels like natural gas,oil and coal.The release of greenhouse gases from these combustion processes traps solar radiation in the atmosphere,leading to an increase in Earth's average temperature.當前的氣候變化主要是由人類活動引起的，例如燃燒化石燃料，如天然氣、石油和煤炭。在這些燃燒過程中釋放出的溫室氣體將太陽輻射困在大氣中，導致地球的平均溫度上升。

2.Our deforestation and land-use change also contribute negatively to global climate change.The destruction of large patches of forests results in increased carbon dioxide emissions and reduces the capacity to absorb greenhouse gases.我們濫伐森林和土地利用的改變也對全球氣候變化產生了負面影響。大片森林的破壞導致了二氧化碳排放量的增加，降低了吸收溫室氣體的能力。

（四）列舉措施

1.We must actively transition to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions.我們必須積極轉向可再生能源，如太陽能和風能，以減少我們對化石燃料的依賴，減少溫室氣體的排放。

2.The government should strengthen the implementation of environmental protection policies to limit the damage caused by industrial and agricultural activities and promote sustainable practice.政府應強化環境保護政策的實施，以限制工業和農業活動對環境的破壞，促進可持續發展的實踐。

（五）呼吁大家從小事做起，保護環境

1.Each one of us can take simple action to reduce our carbon footprints,such as conserving energy,minimizing waste generation,and recycling.我們每個人都可以采取一些簡單的行動來減少我們的碳足跡，如節約能源、最大限度地減少廢物的產生和回收利用。

2.The government should educate and raise public awareness to help more people understand the hazards of global warming and the importance of everyone's contribution towards environmental protection.政府應該教育和提高公眾意識以幫助更多的人明白全球（氣候）變暖的危害，以及每個人為環境保護做貢獻的重要性。

?寫作支架

本次寫作任務是寫一篇演講稿，根據任務中的要求，語篇結構可定為“主題介紹+問題+措施+呼吁”。文章的框架如下：

Dear fellow students,

I am Li Hua,it is my great honor to stand here to give a speech titled...As we all know,...For this reason,...(主題介紹+問題)

As high school students,we should start by...Additionally,...cannot be ignored,including...(措施)

In a word,...Only in this way can we...(呼吁)

Thank you!

?語篇過手

根據以上提供的主題、主題表達和語篇結構，寫出一篇演講稿。第一段介紹主題內容和問題；第二段介紹具體措施；第三段呼吁大家從小事做起，保護環境。總詞數控制在80左右。

同時，學習運用前文閱讀中出現的讓步狀語從句或者時間狀語從句等高級表達和結構。尤其要注意文章的內在邏輯關系，以及語言的準確性、流暢性和得體性。