濟南的夏天

戴永夏

不知是有意的遺漏，還是無意的疏忽，文學大師老舍在寫了《濟南的秋天》和《濟南的冬天》后，沒有再專寫濟南的春天和夏天，這給我們留下了不小的遺憾。其實，濟南的春夏同樣美麗可愛，單就夏天來說，風景也不輸秋冬。它的點點滴滴，都可入詩入畫。

就說濟南的泉吧。因為夏天雨水充足，泉水也特別旺，特別美，特別有生氣。每到此時，大泉噴得更猛，小泉跳得更歡，會彈唱的奏出妙音佳曲，能吐珠的吐出珍珠萬千……真是“八仙過海，各顯神通”，到處泉水充盈，滿城泉光喜人。尤其那被稱作“天下第一泉”的趵突泉，三個泉眼噴出的水柱高達數尺，勢如奔馬，聲如雷鳴，日夜噴涌，無休無止。古人所謂“云霧潤蒸華不注，波濤聲震大明湖”；“三尺不消平地雪，四時常吼半天雷”，主要就是指趵突泉夏日的景象。還有一些有名或無名的小泉，此時也特別活躍。它們吸足大地的精氣，卯足周身的勁兒，擠出石隙，冒出地面，汩汩地涌著，潺潺地流著，漫過平坦的青石板路，穿行在曲折的小街巷中，與人相依相親，同喜同樂。它們雖清清淺淺，卻也源源不斷，用自己鮮活的生命，清純的氣質，營造出“清泉石上流”的美好詩境。

再看那湖。夏日的大明湖，真是氣象萬千，風光無限。此時，湖水更藍了，岸柳更綠了，荷花更艷了。紅荷綠柳交相輝映，構成了湖上的主要風景線。難怪老舍先生說：“大明湖夏日的蓮花，城河的綠柳，自然是美好的了。”

大明湖岸邊的垂柳，向以多而美著稱。當夏天來臨時，它們吸足了陽光，儲足了能量，濃密的柳葉泛著油綠，蒼翠欲滴；長長的柳絲迎風招展，更加堅韌茁壯。翠枝綠葉交織纏綿，層層疊疊，形成一道綠色長廊，緊緊簇擁著一湖碧水。而湖中的蓮荷也不甘寂寞，爭相在碧波上鋪錦疊翠，爭奇斗艷。那田田的荷葉撐起綠傘，“接天蓮葉無窮碧”；朵朵荷花含笑怒放，“映日荷花別樣紅”……這時，來湖邊賞荷者絡繹不絕，而湖上采蓮猶引人矚目。只見那些穿紅著綠的采蓮女郎，駕著扁舟，唱著歌兒，穿行在碧波上，出沒于荷叢中，采下嬌艷的荷花，運到湖邊叫賣。清代詩人任宏遠曾形象地寫道：“六月乘涼爭采蓮，湖中來往女郎船。臨行笑折新荷葉，障卻斜陽細雨天。”詩中的采蓮女是那樣活潑可愛。她們興高采烈地采摘蓮花，又機智頑皮地收獲歡樂，其采蓮情景如詩如畫。而古時文人雅士的“采蓮”，更是別出心裁。他們常于荷花盛開時節，三五成群地來到湖邊，采下碧鮮的荷葉，盛上美酒，刺開蓮心，再從空心蓮莖的末端輪流啜吸，美其名曰“碧筒飲”。這滋味，清香可口，妙不可言，“酒味雜蓮香，香冷勝于水”，味道好極了！于是效法者接踵而來，連大詩人蘇東坡也對它情有獨鐘，到處推廣，并在詩中寫道：“碧筒時作象鼻彎，白酒微帶荷心苦”，對其大加贊美……如今，雖然采蓮的情景已難見到，但是觀蓮賞荷，卻越來越成為人們游湖的“最愛”。

夏天的明湖，充滿美感，也飽含詩意，令文人墨客文思遄飛，寫出許多詠湖的佳作。“問吾何處避炎蒸，十頃西湖照眼明。魚戲一篙新浪滿，鳥啼千步綠陰成。虹腰隱隱松橋出，鹢首峨峨畫舫行。最喜晚涼風月好，紫荷香里聽泉聲。”這是宋代詩人曾鞏筆下的明湖，多美的避暑勝地！看吧：寬闊的湖面上游魚嬉戲，濃密的柳蔭中鳥啼聲聲。遠處岸邊虹橋臥波，近處湖里畫舫穿行。涼風陣陣，荷香撲鼻，泉聲悅耳……在這樣的地方納涼，是多么愜意的享受！再看湖上泛舟：“千條楊柳數聲鷗，一片玻璃一葉舟。閑看魚兒游鏡里，不知人在鏡中游。”這是清代詩人王允榛筆下的明湖。短短四行佳句，便概括了滿湖精華：湖邊楊柳如煙，湖上鷗鷺翔集，湖面平明如鏡，湖水清澈見底……來此泛舟暢游，恰如銷魂仙境，怎能不飄飄欲仙？至于雨中、月下的明湖，更是美得令人心醉。清代著名學者阮元曾這樣寫道：“或黑云堆墨，驟雨翻盆，萬荷竟響，跳珠濺玉。霅然而霽，殘霞雌霓起于幾席。斜日向晚，湖風生涼，皓月轉空，疏星落水，鴛鴦鸂鶒拍拍然不避人也。”在不同的天氣條件下，大明湖的景色也瞬息萬變：忽而“萬荷竟響，跳珠濺玉”；忽而云興霞蔚，長虹貫天；忽而皓月當空，銀輝瀉地……大自然的奇妙神功，大明湖的綺麗風采，在作者筆下都得以真實生動地再現。

夏天扮靚了濟南的泉湖，也同樣恩顧著“一城山色”。此時的千佛山，萬木競秀，一派生機勃發景象：那沉穩的松柏在暗暗地生長著新枝嫩葉，更加郁郁蔥蔥；桃杏脫下艷麗的花衣，披上了嶄新的綠袍，用累累果實的紅黃，點染著山的風采；那些不喜爭春的洋槐雖然花期較晚，卻開得恰到好處。當滿山綠肥紅瘦時，它們卻開出滿樹銀花，攏起座座雪塔，用飄香的清純潔白，粉飾著山的壯美。還有裊娜的垂柳，也隨風吐著飛絮，為亮麗的“十里錦屏”，披上淡淡的輕紗……老舍當年曾這樣寫千佛山：“只有夏天，一切顏色消沉在綠的中間，由地上一直綠到樹上浮著的綠山峰，成為以綠為主色的一景。”大師筆下的山景，美則美矣，但總覺有點兒單調。他若能活到今天，一定會重新揮起如椽的大筆，在濃綠的底色上再添幾筆重彩，沉郁的山勢上再增加一些靈動，畫出一幅更加多彩的千佛山夏日景象。

當然，濟南的夏天也有不盡如人意之處。它把大美賜予山泉湖泊，也把高溫留給大街小巷。于是，有人常埋怨濟南的夏天太熱。其實，熱也并非全是壞事，熱中自有獨特的生活樂趣。當悶熱難耐時，冬暖夏涼的泉邊便是理想的乘涼之地。這時，男人來這里圍桌喝茶、聊天；女人來這里做針線、話家常；頑皮的孩子們則無拘無束地跳進泉池中，打鬧嬉戲……而人們的餐桌上，夏天的美食也更加豐富。用鮮荷葉做成的荷葉粥、荷葉魚、荷葉肉等肴饌，風味獨特，人見人愛。尤其那別出心裁的“炸荷花瓣”，其色艷麗，其味清香，吃到嘴里，回味無窮，是濟南特有的名菜，被老舍稱做“濟南的典故”……如此多的“濟南典故”，如此豐富的夏天恩賜，讓外地人艷羨，“羨煞濟南山水好”；使當地人自豪，“濟南人說勝江南”。這，又何嘗不是濟南人的福氣？

The spring and summer seasons in Jinan are equally beautiful and lovely， and each offers a wealth of inspiration for poets and artists.

During the summer months， the springs in Jinan exhibit heightened levels of strength， beauty and vitality due to the abundance of rainfall. At this time， the larger springs were more active， while the smaller springs were more lively， creating a beautiful melody. The springs are pervasive throughout the city with their presence in various locations. Additionally， numerous springs， both renowned and obscure， have been identified. These springs have been observed to extract a substantial quantity of the earths essence， imparting strength to the body. This process occurs through the formation of a stone gap and the subsequent gurgling sound emanating from the ground. Although the streams were unassuming and relatively shallow， they were nonetheless endowed with a distinctive vitality and character. This quality is evident in the clear， flowing rhythm described as the “spring purling over the stone”in the poem.

In the summer months， Daming Lake is renowned for its ever-changing scenery， which is particularly vibrant. The lakes azure blue is intensified， the shore willow is verdant， and the lotus flowers are particularly vivid. The interplay of red lotus and green willow creates a striking spectacle， which is a testament to the natural beauty of Daming Lake and the city river. This observation by Lao She， a renowned Chinese writer， offers a compelling insight into the lakes allure.

The summer season in Jinan is characterized by the transformation of the spring lake， which is enhanced by the vibrant colour of the surrounding mountains. At this time of year， the thousand Buddha Mountain is particularly striking， with the trees competing for attention in a kaleidoscope of green. Lao She， if he were still alive， would undoubtedly be inspired by this scene and would infuse it with a sense of vitality， adding a touch of spirit to the mountains， and creating a more graceful summer scene of the mountain.

It is understandable that Jinans summer may not be everyones cup of tea. Some people do express their frustration at the heat， which can be quite intense. However， it is important to remember that the heat can also bring a certain joy to life. When the weather is particularly hot， it can be a great idea to head to somewhere cool， for instance， the springside. And people often enjoy summer treats at this time of year. The abundance of summer in Jinan is a source of considerable envy among those outside the city. This is indeed a source of satisfaction for the local population.