主謂一致是指主語和謂語在人稱和數方面要保持一致,需要掌握以下三個原則。
一、語法一致,即主語和謂語要在語法上保持數的一致。如:主語為單數形式,謂語動詞也要用單數形式;主語為復數形式,則謂語動詞也要用復數形式。
二、意義一致,即從意義角度處理一致關系。如:主語形式上是單數形式,但意義上是復數,謂語動詞應用復數形式;主語形式上是復數形式,但如果作整體看待,動詞應采用單數形式,其中有些主語如不定代詞none,謂語動詞用單復數都可以,視具體情況而定。
三、就近一致,即謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于靠近它的主語。
例題解析:
1. There going to be a basketball match this afternoon .(is)
2. There still some milk in the fridge. It’s not necessary to go to the store today. (is)
3. There only one doctor in the hospital today. (is)
4. David, there some books and a dictionary on your desk. Please put them away. (are)
【考點點撥】在“There be +名詞或代詞”句式中,謂語動詞的形式一般與作主語的名詞或代詞的數保持一致。如果be動詞后面出現兩個或兩個以上名詞作主語時,謂語動詞應與最靠近be的那個名詞保持數的一致。
5. —Physics more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?
—Yes, I think so. (is)
【考點點撥】有些名詞形式上貌似復數,但實際意義為單數,如news(消息)、maths(數學)、physics(物理)等。它們作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
6. There lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.(were)
【考點點撥】主語是people、police等集體名詞時, 它們雖為單數形式,卻含有復數意義,作主語時,謂語動詞常用復數形式。但有些集體名詞如family、group、class、team等作主語時,謂語動詞的數要根據具體情況而定。若看作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數形式;若強調每個成員時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
7. The number of teachers in our school greatly increased last term. A Number of teachers in this school from the countryside. (was; are)
8. The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them
about science. (are)
【考點點撥】“a number of (許多) + 可數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式;“the number of(……的數目)+可數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
9. —Which would you like, tea or coffee?
—Either . OK, but I prefer coffee milk. (is; with)
10. Each of the girls here to the West Lake twice. (has been)
【考點點撥】當either、neither、each、one、the other、another、no one 等不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數形式。
11. I hear one third of the books in Wuhu Library new. Let’s borrow some. (are)
【考點點撥】“百分數/分數 + of + 名詞”構成的短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式還是用復數形式,應根據of后面的名詞的數去確定。若名詞為復數,則謂語動詞用復數形式;若為不可數名詞,則謂語動詞用單數形式。
12. Neither my father nor my mother rock music. They think that It’s too . (likes; noisy)
12. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but I good at drawing. (am)
14. —Do you like your new T?shirt ?
—Yes. Not only I but also my mother it. (likes)
【考點點撥】由not only...but also(不但……而且)、either...or(或者……或者)、neither...nor(既不……也不)等并列連詞連接的成分作主語時,謂語動詞應與最靠近它的主語在數上保持一致。
15. —How much is the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars enough. (is)
16. I can’t afford the car. Five thousand dollars too much for me.(is)
【考點點撥】表示整體概念的時間、距離、金錢和度量衡等的復數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。