例談結合文本設計語法填空題的方法

第二冊Unit 2 的Reading 部分為例

新高考引入了語法填空題，這無疑對學生提出了更高的要求?？墒谴蟛糠謱W生缺乏在語境中靈活運用詞匯及正確分析長難句的能力，導致失分嚴重。故筆者以譯林版《普通高中拓展創新學程（英語）》第二冊Unit 2 Building the future的Reading部分“Renew-able energy：a gift for the future”這篇文章為例，探討如何充分利用文本，編寫語法填空題，做到“用”文本，而非“教”文本，真正做到“減時增效”。

一、將重要詞匯編入語法填空題中

高考的語法填空題分為有提示詞和無提示詞兩種，比例一般為6：4或7：3，有提示詞一般是動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實詞的變形。教師應該充分利用教材，因為重要詞匯包括新單詞都是在文本中呈現的，故筆者將這篇文章改編成單句語法填空題，把重要詞匯放在具體的語境中，這樣既可以賦予單詞立體感，也有助于學生更好掌握其用法。筆者先請學生快讀目標文本，了解文本大意并將其分成三個部分。學生看出文本一共有六段，總分總的結構非常清晰，第一段屬于Introduction，第二至五段屬于Body，最后一段屬于Conclusion。筆者用單句語法填空的方式讓學生總結每一段的段落大意，也凸顯了重要詞匯在語境中的靈活運用。

Para 1：Describes the（damage）effects that fossil fuels have on the environment when they are mined.

Para 2：Makes a（compare）of fossil fuels’disadvantages and renewable energy sources’advantag-es.

Para 3：Emphasizes the leading role that China has played in the（develop）and（apply）of clean energy technologies with renewable energy con-sumption（account）for more than 20%of its to-tal energy consumption.

Para 4：Gives an account of the difficulty（replace）fossil fuels with renewable energy.

Para 5：Talks about the（predict）future that renewable energy sources face.

Para 6：Ends the passage with the phrase a welcome gift for our future，（indicate）we should em-brace renewable energy for（sustain）develop-ment.

二、將重要語法點編入語法填空題中

高考語法填空題中一般三至四個空沒有提示詞，要求學生填寫諸如關系代詞、關系副詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞，主要考查從句，句與句之間的邏輯關系、介詞的固定搭配或者是特殊句式等。故筆者根據這篇文本，將重要語法點編入了語法填空題中。

1.Actually，onceburnt，fossil fuels produce large quantities of carbon dioxide，in turn causes glob-al warming.（考查定語從句）

2.Many years later，all remained was a de-serted place and it was no longer suitable for people to inhabit.（考查定語從句）

3.Humans are clearly facing a critical moment，a move towards clean，renewable energy is inev-itable.（考查時間狀語從句）

4.With renewable energy consumption accounting ________ more than 20% of its total energy consumption， China has been playing a leading role in the development and application of clean energy technologies. （考查介詞）

5.______ these challenges in mind， a future with clean energy may be difficult to foresee.______， it is possible. （考查介詞和連詞）

6.______ burnt， renewable energy sources tend to emit less carbon dioxide. （考查連詞）

7.It is the reserves of fossil fuels ______will run out in the future as they are not renewable. （考查強調句）

8.But it is not likely to replace fossil fuels completely. One reason is _______ renewable energy sources are not available everywhere. Another two reasons are the difficulty in storing extra energy in batteries for later use _______ the problems presented by high- capacity batteries. （考查表語從句和連詞）

9.Despite these apparent challenges， renewable energy sources still have _______ promising future. （考查冠詞）

10.Without doubt， renewable energy will form ______big part of our future. （考查冠詞）

整堂課學生很活躍，他們積極參與互動，不僅理解了文章大意，也了解了高考語法填空題的命題方向和考點，提高了做題的正確率。故筆者認為，教師應該在平時的備課中深度挖掘閱讀文本，讓閱讀文本發揮最大的價值。

（作者單位：江蘇省沛縣第二中學）