



摘" 要: 課題組前期發(fā)現(xiàn)綿羊癢螨的重組絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑4和5(recombinant serine protease inhibitors 4 and 5,rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5)可體外抑制糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和彈性蛋白酶的活性,因此推測(cè)其可能具有抗炎活性,為證實(shí)上述推測(cè),評(píng)價(jià)了rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5是否可以改善小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥。BALB/c小鼠隨機(jī)分為5組,用凡士林或咪喹莫特乳膏(imiquimod cream,IMQ)連續(xù)涂抹背部皮膚6 d,建立空白對(duì)照組和銀屑病模型,期間模型組每日皮內(nèi)注射PBS(IMQ組)或pET32a(+)載體蛋白(IMQ+pET32a(+)組)或rPsoSP4(IMQ+rPsoSP4組)或rPsoSP5(IMQ+rPsoSP5組),每天觀察小鼠銀屑病樣皮損區(qū)變化,于第7天處死小鼠,比較各組皮損組織病理變化和皮損組織中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。結(jié)果表明:IMQ造模成功,小鼠呈現(xiàn)典型的銀屑病樣皮損;與模型組(IMQ組)相比,IMQ+rPsoSP4組可有效改善小鼠銀屑病樣皮損,包括顯著抑制小鼠體重減輕(第4~6天,Plt;0.05,Plt;0.01,Plt;0.001)和皮損區(qū)紅斑(第5~6天)、鱗屑(第4~6天)、皮膚增厚程度(第4~6天)及PASI評(píng)分(第3~6天)顯著減少(Plt;0.05,Plt;0.001)。此外,與IMQ組相比,IMQ+rPsoSP4組皮損區(qū)組織病理?yè)p傷顯著減輕,表皮厚度顯著降低(Plt;0.05),浸潤(rùn)的炎性細(xì)胞數(shù)量極顯著減少(Plt;0.001),皮損區(qū)IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA水平極顯著降低(Plt;0.001,Plt;0.000 1),而IMQ+rPsoSP5組對(duì)小鼠銀屑病樣皮損無(wú)明顯改善。綜上,rPsoSP4可顯著改善小鼠銀屑病樣皮損,具有顯著的抗炎活性,而rPsoSP5的抗炎活性不明顯。
關(guān)鍵詞: 綿羊癢螨;rPsoSP4;rPsoSP5;銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥;抗炎活性
中圖分類號(hào):S857.5
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):0366-6964(2024)12-5774-10
doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.039
開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
收稿日期:2024-02-02
基金項(xiàng)目:四川省科技計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(2019YFN0155);四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)科雙支計(jì)劃(2221993268)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:田" 焱(1999-),女,彝族,四川樂(lè)山人,碩士生,主要從事動(dòng)物寄生蟲(chóng)病學(xué)研究,E-mail: 2021203026@stu.sicau.edu.cn
*通信作者:古小彬,主要從事動(dòng)物寄生蟲(chóng)病學(xué)研究,E-mail: guxiaobin198225@126.com
Effect of Recombinant Serpins of Psoroptes ovis on Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice
TIAN" Yan, YANG" Fusheng, LI" Yan’e, LIANG" Youping, FAN" Jie, WU" Fangyan, GU" Xiaobin*
(College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130," China)
Abstract: Our team previously found that recombinant serine protease inhibitors 4 and 5 (rPsoSP4 and rPsoSP5) of Psoroptes ovis could inhibit the enzymatic activities of chymotrypsin, trypsin and elastase in vitro, thus we speculated that these two recombinant proteins might have anti-inflammation activities. To confirm the above speculation, we assessed whether rPsoSP4 and rPsoSP5 could improve psoriatic-like skin inflammation in mice. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6), Vaseline or imiquimod cream (IMQ) was applied daily on the back skin continuously for 6 days to establish the control group and psoriasis model groups. During this period, the psoriasis model groups were intradermal injected with PBS (IMQ group) or pET32a(+)-vector protein (IMQ+pET32a(+) group) or rPsoSP4 (IMQ+rPsoSP4 group) or rPsoSP5(IMQ+rPsoSP5 group), then the changes of psoriasis-like skin lesions were observed every day, and mice were sacrificed on the 7th day. Subsequently, the pathological changes and the transcription levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the skin lesions among each group were compared. Results showed that IMQ induced psoriasis-like lesions were successfully established, and the mice appeared typical psoriasis-like lesions. Compared with the model group (IMQ group), IMQ+rPsoSP4 group can effectively attenuated psoriasis-like skin lesions, including significant inhibition of weight loss (from 4th to 6th day, Plt;0.05, Plt;0.01, Plt;0.001) and reductions of skin erythema (5th and 6th day), skin scales (from 4th to 6th day), skin thickness (from 4th to 6th day) and PASI score (from 3rd to 6th day) in mice (Plt;0.05, Plt;0.001). Additionally, compared with the model group (IMQ group), IMQ+rPsoSP4 group showed that the pathological damage in the skin lesion was significantly reduced, accompanied by the significant decrease in epidermal thickness (Plt;0.05) and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells (Plt;0.001). Moreover, there was a significantly decreased in mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the skin lesion of IMQ+rPsoSP4 group in comparison with IMQ groups, while IMQ+rPsoSP5 group had no significant improvement on psoriatic lesions. In conclusion, rPsoSP4 could significantly improve psoriasis skin lesion in mice and has significant anti-inflammatory activity, while rPsoSP5 seemed to be no obvious effect.
Key words: Psoroptes ovis; rPsoSP4; rPsoSP5; psoriasis-like skin inflammation; anti-inflammatory activity
*Corresponding author:" GU Xiaobin, E-mail: guxiaobin198225@126.com
絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(serpin)是數(shù)量最大且分布最廣的蛋白酶抑制劑家族[1],在寄生蟲(chóng)中這類家族的蛋白質(zhì)具有抑制宿主蛋白酶活性和介導(dǎo)補(bǔ)體激活、血液凝固、炎癥過(guò)程等多種生物學(xué)功能[2-4]。研究證實(shí),微小扇頭蜱、鐮形扇頭蜱、長(zhǎng)角血蜱、蓖籽硬蜱、肝片吸蟲(chóng)和旋毛蟲(chóng)等多種寄生蟲(chóng)的serpin分子可在體外通過(guò)抑制蛋白酶活性、抑制炎性因子的分泌和調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞極化等作用而發(fā)揮抗炎效應(yīng)[5-10],也可減輕小鼠的關(guān)節(jié)炎癥反應(yīng)[7]。課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),2種綿羊癢螨serpin分子(PsoSP4、PsoSP5)含有serpin家族中高度保守的反應(yīng)中心環(huán)(RCL)(P17[E]-P16[E/K/R]-P15[G]-P14[T/S]-P13[X]-P12-9[A/G/S]-P8-1[X]-P1-4[X]),但兩者的RCL殘基序列存在14(14/21)個(gè)位點(diǎn)的差異,而兩種重組蛋白(rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5)在抑制宿主酶活性中呈現(xiàn)不同的抑制酶活效應(yīng)[(rPsoSP4 vs rPsoSP5:糜蛋白酶(47.00%±1.43%) vs (49.70%±0.24%);胰蛋白酶(14.83%±0.83%) vs (47.06%±1.48%);彈性蛋白酶(22.55%±2.42%) vs (32.96%±2.88%)][11],由此推測(cè)rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5可能具有抗炎活性,且兩者的抗炎功能存在一定的差異。
為了證實(shí)上述推測(cè),作者選用經(jīng)典的慢性皮膚炎癥病——銀屑病為體外模型來(lái)探究rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5是否具有抗炎活性。銀屑病的主要特征為皮膚發(fā)紅、鱗屑和皮膚增厚,以及角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞過(guò)度增殖、棘層增厚和真皮層浸潤(rùn)大量炎性細(xì)胞等表現(xiàn)[12-13],而綿羊癢螨(Psoroptes ovis,P. ovis)感染引發(fā)宿主皮膚發(fā)紅,皮膚增厚和結(jié)痂,同時(shí)棘層增厚以及皮膚中浸潤(rùn)大量的炎性細(xì)胞等,這些特征與銀屑病的皮膚炎癥存在較多的相似之處[14-17]。因此,在本研究中采用咪喹莫特乳膏(IMQ)誘導(dǎo)小鼠的銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥為體外模型,皮內(nèi)注射rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5后,觀察小鼠銀屑病皮損的臨床和病理表征,以及炎性因子的變化,從而探究rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5是否可改善小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥,研究結(jié)果將有助于探討P. ovis與宿主互作的免疫調(diào)控作用,以及為銀屑病或其他皮膚炎癥性疾病的治療提供可能的新思路。
1" 材料與方法
1.1" 材料
1.1.1" 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
7~8周齡BALB/c雌性小鼠,體重18~22 g,購(gòu)自斯貝福(北京)生物技術(shù)有限公司[實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)許可證號(hào)SCXK(京)2019-0010]。動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)方案經(jīng)四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)倫理委員會(huì)[許可證號(hào)SYXK(川)2019-187]批準(zhǔn)。
1.1.2" 主要材料
異丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)、SDS-PAGE試劑盒和氨芐青霉素(Amp)購(gòu)自北京索萊寶生物科技有限公司,LB培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自青島海博生物技術(shù)有限公司,HiTrap Streptavidin HP純化柱購(gòu)自美國(guó)Cytiva公司,透析袋購(gòu)自美國(guó)Millipore公司,Endotoxin Removal Beads試劑盒購(gòu)自常州天地人和生物有限公司,5% 咪喹莫特乳膏(IMQ)購(gòu)自四川明欣藥業(yè),Trizol Up 提取試劑盒購(gòu)自北京全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司,RT EasyTM II反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和Real Time PCR EasyTM-SYBR Green I均購(gòu)自成都福際生物技術(shù)有限公司,含pET32a(+)-PsoSP4和pET32a(+)-PsoSP5重組質(zhì)粒的大腸桿菌BL21菌液由四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物寄生蟲(chóng)病中心提供。
1.2" 方法
1.2.1" rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5蛋白的準(zhǔn)備
對(duì)課題組前期保存的含有pET32a(+)-PsoSP4和pET32a(+)-PsoSP5重組質(zhì)粒的大腸桿菌BL21菌液復(fù)蘇后擴(kuò)大培養(yǎng),加入0.5 mmol·L-1 ITPG 于16 ℃誘導(dǎo)12 h,離心收集菌體,在沉淀中加入適量0.05 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl,經(jīng)超聲破碎后取上清,經(jīng)親和層析純化得到2種重組蛋白[11],并對(duì)rPsoSP5進(jìn)行包涵體復(fù)性,經(jīng)透析袋透析后用12% SDS-PAGE檢查。純化后的rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5經(jīng)Endotoxin Removal Beads試劑盒獲得去除內(nèi)毒素,備用。
1.2.2" rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5對(duì)IMQ誘導(dǎo)的小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥的處理
將30只BALB/c小鼠隨機(jī)分為5組,包括空白組、IMQ組、IMQ+pET32a(+)組、IMQ+rPsoSP4組、IMQ+rPsoSP5組,每組6只。除空白組用凡士林處理外,其余4組均采用5% IMQ進(jìn)行造模[18]。造模前,用電動(dòng)剃毛器對(duì)小鼠背部2 cm×3 cm區(qū)域進(jìn)行脫毛處理,之后小鼠背部裸露區(qū)域涂抹IMQ乳膏62.5 mg,1次·d-1,連續(xù)給藥6 d。除空白組外,其余各組小鼠背部每日涂抹IMQ乳膏4 h后,注射相同體積(50 μL)的PBS(IMQ組)或pET32a(+)載體蛋白(IMQ+pET32a(+)組)或rPsoSP4(IMQ+rPsoSP4組)或rPsoSP5(IMQ+rPsoSP5組)(每種蛋白總量均為20 μg)。每天處理前稱量各組小鼠體重,體重變化計(jì)算方法=(體重day n-體重day 1)×100%/體重day 1,且每天拍照觀察并記錄小鼠背部皮膚變化。于第7天處死小鼠,在背部取2 cm×2 cm的皮膚,用磷酸緩沖溶液清洗后,一部分樣品保存于4%多聚甲醛固定液中,用于后續(xù)的HE染色,另一部分樣品保存于液氮中用于后續(xù)RT-qPCR檢測(cè)。
1.2.3" 小鼠的皮損指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)
以皮損面積和嚴(yán)重程度指數(shù)(PASI)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)小鼠銀屑病皮損進(jìn)行評(píng)分[18]:造模后每日(第1~6天)拍照記錄小鼠皮損變化情況,并對(duì)皮損處的紅斑、鱗屑、增厚程度進(jìn)行0~4級(jí)評(píng)分(無(wú),0分;輕度,1分;中度,2分;重度,3分;極重度,4分),將三者評(píng)分合計(jì)得到PASI總分。
1.2.4" HE染色法觀察小鼠皮損區(qū)的組織病理變化
將“1.2.2”多聚甲醛中保存的小鼠皮膚樣本經(jīng)石蠟包埋后,切成6 mm的切片,經(jīng)脫蠟和復(fù)水后,進(jìn)行HE染色,封片,用奧林巴斯數(shù)字病理掃描儀VS120-S6-W(奧林巴斯,德國(guó))掃描切片,使用Image-Pro Plus軟件對(duì)每張切片的至少7個(gè)視野中的炎性細(xì)胞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)。隨機(jī)測(cè)量各組小鼠皮膚表皮層的垂直厚度,每個(gè)視野5處。
1.2.5" RT-qPCR檢測(cè)小鼠皮膚中炎癥相關(guān)因子的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平
取“1.2.2”液氮中保存的各組小鼠皮膚組織50~100mg,液氮研磨成粉末,采用Trizol試劑提取皮膚樣本中的總RNA,并經(jīng)RT EasyTM II反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒合成cDNA。反應(yīng)體系(20 μL): 10 μL EasyTM-SYBR Green I,2 μL cDNA,上、下游引物各0.8 μL,6.4 μL DNA-free ddH2O。擴(kuò)增條件: 95 ℃預(yù)變性3 min;95 ℃ 10 s,60 ℃ 30 s,共40個(gè)循環(huán);95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 60 s, 95 ℃ 1 s得到熔解曲線。引物序列:IL-1β:F:5′-GAAATACCACCTTTTGACAGTG-3′,R:5′-TGGATGCTCTCATCAGGACAG-3′;IL-6:F:5′-TCTATACCACTTCACAAGTCGGA-3′,R:5′-GAATTGCCATTGCACAACTCTTT-3′;TNF-α:F:5′-CCTGTAGCCCACGTCGTAG-3′,R:5′-GGGAGTAGACAAGGTACAACCC-3′;內(nèi)參基因GAPDH:F: 5′-AGCTTGTCATCAACGGGAA-3′,R:5′-TTTGATGTTAGTGGGGTCTCG-3′,由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。采用2-△△Ct法計(jì)算目的基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平,并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。
1.2.6" 數(shù)據(jù)分析
數(shù)據(jù)以“均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x-±s)”表示,并使用 GraphPad prism 8通過(guò)單因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)檢驗(yàn)顯著性。P<0.05表示具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,無(wú)標(biāo)注表示兩兩比較差異不顯著。
2" 結(jié)" 果
2.1" 獲取純化后的rPsoSPs
含pET32a(+)-PsoSP4和pET32a(+)-PsoSP5重組質(zhì)粒的大腸桿菌BL21經(jīng)IPTG誘導(dǎo)后,pET32a(+)-PsoSP4的重組菌獲得約64 ku的可溶性目的蛋白條帶,pET32a(+)-PsoSP5的重組菌獲得約72 ku的在包涵體中的目的蛋白條帶,兩者純化后均獲得單一的目的蛋白條帶(圖1)。
2.2" rPsoSP4可明顯減輕小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥的臨床表征
涂抹IMQ后,小鼠背部皮膚呈現(xiàn)典型的銀屑病樣臨床表現(xiàn),包括皮膚紅斑、鱗屑和表皮增厚,表明銀屑病樣小鼠模型建模成功,在此基礎(chǔ)上展開(kāi)后續(xù)研究。
與空白組小鼠相比,IMQ組小鼠在第3天開(kāi)始背部皮損區(qū)出現(xiàn)輕微發(fā)紅及少許鱗屑,且隨處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)背部鱗屑明顯增多,尤其在第6天時(shí)皮膚浸潤(rùn)增厚出現(xiàn)褶皺,明顯凸起于皮膚表面,且體重?fù)p失幅度明顯增加(圖2A和2F)。與IMQ組相比,IMQ+rPsoSP4組小鼠背部皮損處的紅斑、鱗屑、皮膚增厚程度明顯減輕,且體重?fù)p失幅度明顯變小,而IMQ+pET32a(+)組和IMQ+rPsoSP5組小鼠皮損區(qū)的紅斑、鱗屑、皮膚增厚程度和體重?fù)p失幅度無(wú)明顯改變(圖2A和2F)。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),與空白組相比,在整個(gè)觀察期間(第2~6天),IMQ組小鼠皮損區(qū)紅斑、鱗屑、皮膚增厚評(píng)分和PASI總分均極顯著的增高(第2天:Plt;0.01,Plt;0.000 1;第3~6天:Plt;0.000 1)(圖2B~D)。與IMQ組相比,IMQ+rPsoSP4組小鼠皮損區(qū)紅斑(第5~6 天,Plt;0.001)、鱗屑(第4~6天,Plt;0.05,Plt;0.000 1)、皮膚增厚(第4~6天,Plt;0.001)評(píng)分和PASI總分(第3~6天,Plt;0.000 1)均顯著或極顯著的降低(圖2B~D),而IMQ+pET32a(+)組和IMQ+rPsoSP5組小鼠皮損區(qū)紅斑、鱗屑、皮膚增厚評(píng)分和PASI總分均無(wú)顯著性差異(Pgt;0.05)(圖2B~D)。
綜上,rPsoSP4可明顯改善小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚的臨床表征,而rPsoSP5效果不明顯。
2.3" rPsoSP4可顯著減輕小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚的病理性炎癥反應(yīng)
HE染色后發(fā)現(xiàn),空白組小鼠背部皮膚結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、完整,IMQ組小鼠背部表皮棘細(xì)胞層增厚,并伴隨表皮向下延伸,角質(zhì)層增厚,真皮層炎性細(xì)胞大量浸潤(rùn),皮膚屏障嚴(yán)重受損,呈現(xiàn)明顯的皮膚炎癥表現(xiàn)(圖3A、B),上述病理表現(xiàn)與銀屑病臨床樣本的組織病理情況相似。
與IMQ組相比,IMQ+rPsoSP4組小鼠皮損區(qū)皮膚的角化過(guò)度和角化不全現(xiàn)象明顯減輕,棘層變薄(圖3A),皮損區(qū)浸潤(rùn)的炎性細(xì)胞數(shù)量變少,且呈極顯著差異(P<0.001,圖3B),表皮厚度變薄,且差異顯著(P<0.05,圖3C),而IMQ+pET32a(+)組和IMQ+rPsoSP5組的皮膚組織病理學(xué)變化、浸潤(rùn)的炎性細(xì)胞數(shù)量和表皮厚度與IMQ組差異不顯著(P>0.05)(圖3A~C)。綜上,rPsoSP4可改善小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚的病理炎癥反應(yīng),而rPsoSP5效果不明顯。
2.4" rPsoSP4可顯著抑制小鼠銀屑病樣皮損中炎癥相關(guān)因子的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平
與空白組相比,IMQ組小鼠皮損中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA水平極顯著上升(P<0.001,P<0.0001),IMQ+pET32a(+)組和IMQ+rPsoSP5組小鼠皮損中IL-1β(P<0.0001)、IL-6(P<0.01,P<0.001)和TNF-α(P<0.0001,P<0.05)mRNA水平顯著或極顯著上升,而IMQ+rPsoSP4組小鼠皮損區(qū)IL-1β和IL-6的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平升高,TNF-α的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平降低,但僅IL-6 mRNA水平差異顯著(P<0.05),而IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA水平差異均不顯著(P>0.05)(圖4)。
與IMQ組相比,IMQ+rPsoSP4組小鼠皮損區(qū)IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA水平極顯著下降(P<0.0001,P<0.001),尤以IL-1β、IL-6的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平下降最為顯著(P<0.000 1)(圖4),而IMQ+pET32a(+)組和IMQ+rPsoSP5組小鼠皮損區(qū)的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA水平無(wú)顯著變化(P>0.05)。綜上,rPsoSP4可顯著抑制銀屑病樣皮損中促炎因子的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,而rPsoSP5效果不明顯。
A. rPsoSPs對(duì)小鼠皮損IL-1β mRNA水平的影響;B. rPsoSPs對(duì)小鼠皮損IL-6 mRNA水平的影響;C. rPsoSPs對(duì)小鼠皮損TNF-α mRNA水平的影響。與空白組比較,*. P<0.05,**. P<0.01,***. P<0.001,****. P<0.0001;與IMQ組比較,###. P<0.001,####. P<0.000 1
A. The effects of rPsoSPs on IL-1β mRNA levels in skin lesions tissue of mice; B. The effects of rPsoSPs on IL-6 mRNA levels in skin lesions tissue of mice; C. The effects of rPsoSPs on TNF-α mRNA levels in skin lesions tissue of mice. Compared with control group, *. P<0.05,**. P<0.01,***. P<0.001,****. P<0.000 1; compared with IMQ group, ###. P<0.001, ####. P<0.000 1
3" 討" 論
3.1" 多種寄生蟲(chóng)的Serpin分子具有抗炎活性
寄生蟲(chóng)可以通過(guò)Serpin分子發(fā)揮抗炎效應(yīng)從而調(diào)控宿主免疫,并幫助寄生蟲(chóng)在惡劣的環(huán)境中建立長(zhǎng)期感染。如,微小扇頭蜱重組絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(rRmS)rRmS-3與糜蛋白酶、rRmS-6和rRmS-17與胰蛋白酶、rRmS-3和rRmS-17與組織蛋白酶G間形成不可逆的復(fù)合物,從而抑制中性粒細(xì)胞、肥大細(xì)胞激活的炎癥反應(yīng)[5],rRmS-6和rRmS-17對(duì)2%福爾馬林誘導(dǎo)的大鼠急性爪水腫炎癥具有抑制作用[19]。類似的抑炎效應(yīng)在美洲花蜱重組絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(rAAS27)分子中亦得到證實(shí),rAAS27可顯著減輕2%福爾馬林和48/80化合物誘導(dǎo)的大鼠急性爪水腫炎癥[20],以及長(zhǎng)角血蜱的2種重組絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(rHlSerpin-a和rHlSerpin-b)可減輕牛II型膠原引起的炎癥[7]。除外寄生蟲(chóng)外,旋毛蟲(chóng)的2種重組絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(rTsKaSPI和rTrsAdSPI)可有效減輕2, 4, 6-三硝基苯磺酸溶液(TNBS)誘導(dǎo)的小鼠結(jié)腸炎炎癥[21]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),綿羊癢螨的2種重組絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5)中,rPsoSP5抗炎效果不明顯,而rPsoSP4具有顯著的抗炎活性,其可明顯減輕小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥,表明rPsoSP4具有作為銀屑病治療藥物的潛能。此外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)抗炎治療可控制癢螨病病程的發(fā)展[22-23],那么,鑒定出P. ovis的抗炎蛋白成分可能為將來(lái)癢螨病的防控開(kāi)辟一條新途徑,因此,本研究中具有顯著抗炎活性的PsoSP4可能具有控制癢螨病病程發(fā)展的作用,但還有待進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)。
3.2" rPsoSP4減輕小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥的可能原因
本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),rPsoSP4可顯著改善IMQ誘導(dǎo)的小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥,可能原因:1)與rPsoSP4可減少皮損區(qū)浸潤(rùn)的炎性細(xì)胞數(shù)量有關(guān)。IMQ誘導(dǎo)的小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥,可引起真皮層中大量白細(xì)胞即中性粒細(xì)胞、嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞、嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞等細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)[24-25],而rPsoSP4可有效降低皮損區(qū)浸潤(rùn)的炎性細(xì)胞數(shù)量(圖3),從而最終減輕局部炎癥。2)與rPsoSP4可有效抑制糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的活性有關(guān)。嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞具有糜蛋白酶樣活性,釋放過(guò)氧化物酶(EPO)誘導(dǎo)炎癥的發(fā)生[26],肥大細(xì)胞在脫顆粒時(shí)釋放大量具有酶活性的胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶[27],而課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),rPsoSP4可有效抑制宿主糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性[11],因此,rPsoSP4還可通過(guò)抑制皮損區(qū)浸潤(rùn)的嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞、肥大細(xì)胞等釋放的酶活性從而發(fā)揮抗炎功能。3)與rPsoSP4可抑制皮損區(qū)促炎因子的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)有關(guān)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6可通過(guò)增加IL-17、ROS的產(chǎn)生、增加皮膚中黏附分子和趨化因子等的產(chǎn)生和招募T細(xì)胞至皮損區(qū),從而級(jí)聯(lián)放大銀屑病的皮膚炎癥反應(yīng)[28-31],因此,rPsoSP4可通過(guò)抑制銀屑病皮損區(qū)IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá),減輕上述的炎癥級(jí)聯(lián)放大效應(yīng),從而達(dá)到抑制皮損區(qū)炎癥的效果。
3.3" rPsoSP4和rPsoSP5抗炎活性的差異可能與蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)存在關(guān)聯(lián)
本研究中,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)rPsoSP4可有效緩解小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥,而rPsoSP5的效果不明顯,這可能與兩種蛋白分子RCL區(qū)域氨基酸殘基序列的差異有關(guān)。RCL是Serpin家族蛋白分子行使抑制酶活性功能的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)域[32],PsoSP4和PsoSP5 RCL的氨基酸殘基序列僅存在7個(gè)氨基酸相同,而有14個(gè)位點(diǎn)存在氨基酸殘基的差異,尤其在決定抑制靶蛋白酶特異性的P1位點(diǎn)氨基酸殘基存在差異(PsoSP4:甲硫氨酸;PsoSP5:賴氨酸)。有研究表明,Serpin抑制靶蛋白酶的特異性和抑制效率與P1位點(diǎn)和其臨近位點(diǎn)的氨基酸殘基等有關(guān)[33],如絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑——α-1-抗胰蛋白酶的P1位點(diǎn)由甲硫氨酸突變?yōu)榫彼岷螅瑫?huì)加快對(duì)凝血酶的抑制,降低對(duì)彈性蛋白酶活性的抑制作用,P2位點(diǎn)氨基酸殘基的突變又會(huì)影響對(duì)激肽釋放酶和凝血酶活性的抑制[34]。因此,PsoSP4和PsoSP5 RCL氨基酸殘基序列的差異導(dǎo)致了兩者對(duì)抑制靶蛋白酶的種類和酶活性不同,從而導(dǎo)致兩者在抑制小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥的效能上存在明顯差異性。
4" 結(jié)" 論
rPsoSP4可緩解小鼠銀屑病樣皮膚炎癥,具有顯著的抗炎活性,而rPsoSP5的抗炎活性不明顯。
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(編輯" 白永平)