掌握正確的閱讀步驟，學會提取關鍵信息

復習有方

閱讀理解題體裁全面、題材豐富、題型多樣。體裁一般分為應用文、記敘文、說明文和議論文四種，題型主要有信息提取類題、細節理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。此外，信息還原類、回答問題類和任務型閱讀是近些年的重點題型，需要同學們多加關注。

一、應用文閱讀理解

應用文閱讀理解的難度相對較低，題目多為信息提取類問題，主要考查同學們對文章細節信息的捕捉和理解能力。為了更好地解答這類題目，同學們可以學習以下做題步驟。

1.閱讀標題和副標題

在開始閱讀正文之前，首先要仔細閱讀文章的標題和副標題。標題和副標題通常是對文章內容的高度概括，能夠提供關于文章主題和結構的重要線索。通過閱讀標題和副標題，我們可以初步了解文章的主題和大致內容，為后續的閱讀打下基礎

2.閱讀題干，理解題意

同學們還要認真閱讀題干，確保完全理解題目的要求。題干通常會明確指出我們需要尋找的信息類型（如事實、原因、結果等）以及具體的信息點。在理解題意的過程中，我們要注意識別關鍵詞和短語，這些詞語將在后續的文本搜索中起到關鍵作用。

3.帶著問題去文中找答案

在明確了題目要求后，帶著問題回到文章中去尋找答案。我們需根據題干中的關鍵詞和短語，在文章中定位到相關的段落或句子，找到對應文本部分后，還要仔細閱讀并聯系上下文，以確保所選答案的準確性和完整性

4.鎖定答案并檢查

在鎖定可能的答案后，要再次核對題干和選項，確保所選答案與題目要求完全一致。同時，也要注意排除那些看似正確，實際上并不符合題目要求的干擾項。

需要注意的是，在實際做題中，每個步驟都需要我們細心和耐心，確保不遺漏任何重要信息。同時，也要根據具體題目的特點靈活調整策略，以達到最佳的解題效果。

二、記敘文、說明文和議論文閱讀理解

記敘文、說明文和議論文閱讀理解考查題型以細節理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題和主旨大意題為主。

1.細節理解題作答原則

順序原則。細節理解題的出題順序通常與文章的結構順序是一致的。這意味著我們可以按照題目出現的順序來閱讀文章，這樣可以更快地定位到問題所在的段落，從而縮小尋找答案的范圍，提高解題效率。

段內原則。每個細節理解題的答案通常只出現在文章的某個特定段落中。因此，一旦我們在文章中找到了與題目相關的信息，就可以在該段落內仔細尋找答案，不需要在其他不相關的段落浪費時間。

定位詞原則。關鍵詞和主題句是非常重要的線索。利用這些關鍵詞，我們能夠在原文中進行定位，快速找到與題目相關的信息并準確作答。

2.推理判斷題作答思路

避免選擇與原文內容完全一致的選項。雖然推理判斷題要求我們進行邏輯推斷，但答案不能直接照搬原文內容，而應基于文章內容進行合理推測。

避免選擇過度猜測或明顯違背原文事實的選項。推理必須有一定的依據，我們不能隨意地進行臆斷或假設，任何與原文明顯不符的選項都應排除。

避免選擇過于絕對化或帶有強烈感情傾向的選項。如\"impossible”“always\"\"thebest\"\"never\"“most\"等詞語通常過于絕對，缺乏靈活性，容易誤導我們的判斷。此外，帶有強烈感情色彩的選項也應謹慎對待，因為它們可能偏離客觀事實。

選擇相對來說比較抽象且帶有概括性的選項。這樣的選項往往更符合推理判斷題的要求，因為它們能夠較好地概括文章的主旨和作者的意圖。

3.詞義猜測題作答思路

利用詞根或詞綴的派生關系來推測單詞的大致含義。例如，“ex-”表示之前的、差的、壞的、有問題的，“over-\"表示過度的，“re-\"表示重復或回復，而\"in-\"\"on-\"\"dis-\"等前綴通常表示否定或缺乏。

注意句子的結構，并關注解釋性的成分。我們要特別注意目標單詞或短語前后是否有從句、冒號或破折號，因為它們往往包含了對目標單詞或短語的解釋說明。

結合上下文和主題來猜測詞義。在理解了文章的整體內容和主題后，我們可以更容易推斷出不熟悉單詞的含義。

4.主旨大意題作答方法

關鍵句子法。最常用的方法是仔細研讀短文的開頭一兩句及短文的主題句，或者閱讀各段的第一、二句及段落的中心句。這一方法多適用于說明文和議論文。

轉折詞法。在一些帶有轉折意義的信息詞（如but，while，however，although等）后往往是作者要強調的觀點，同學們要多加關注和分析。

問題答案法。如果文章開頭有一個問題，那么此問題的答案就是主旨句，同學們要準確把握。

反復觀點法。作者在文章中反復講述的觀點便是文章的主旨句，同學們閱讀時要多加關注。

三、信息還原類閱讀理解

信息還原類閱讀理解是讓我們從給出的選項中，選出正確的選項填人文中相應的空白處，使補全后的文章意思通順，前后連貫。主要考查我們對文章架構、整體內容和句段銜接等的把握。以下為這類題型的解題步驟：

審視選項。首先瀏覽所有選項，并嘗試理解每個選項的基本含義和句式結構。這有助于我們在后續的閱讀中快速識別相關信息。

全面閱讀。仔細閱讀全文，把握文章的整體大意和核心觀點。這一步是理解文章結構和邏輯關系的基礎。

定位關鍵信息。特別關注文章中設空的位置，分析其前后句子中的關鍵詞。這些關鍵詞通常是理解空缺部分所需信息的關鍵。

做出選擇并驗證。基于對文章的理解，選擇合適的選項填人空白處。之后，返回原文驗證所選答案是否與文章內容、語境和邏輯一致。

四、回答問題類閱讀理解

圈出關鍵詞，快速抓重點。在開始詳細閱讀之前，快速瀏覽文章，特別是標題、副標題、首段和末段，以了解文章的大致內容和結構。在回答問題之前，先圈出文章關鍵詞了解文章的大意，能更有針對性地尋找答案。

關注細節。在回答問題時，注意時態和語態的一致性，確保答案與文章的時態和語態相匹配。對于事實性的問題，要特別注意文章中的具體細節，如日期、數字、人名等。

根據需要進行簡答。部分題目后面限定了字數，需要進行簡答。在簡答時需要注意：對于why提問，可以使用\"Todo...\"來回答（這里的todo表示目的）;對于where和when提問，不能遺漏介詞in/on/at等;對于how提問，可以使用“Bydoing...\"來回答；對于“What doyouthinkof...？\"類的問題，可以直接用形容詞或者副詞來回答。

五、任務型閱讀理解

理解文章結構和寫作思路。同學們首先要注意表格標題，標題通常是文章的主題，分析標題有助于把握文章和表格的大意。然后要分析表格內容，通過分析表格的項目內容，可以理清表格的設計原理。最后要帶著問題在文章中尋找關鍵詞語，或者概括、歸納出關鍵詞語。

訓練解題微技能。（1）進行詞形轉換：在任務型閱讀中，很多答案需要通過詞形轉換來完成。例如，將原文中的動詞短語轉換為形容詞短語。原文中用\"beamazed atsth.\"”，根據表格題目設計，轉換為\"It isamazing that...”。（2）進行英英釋義：有些題目需要通過英英釋義來解決，即用一個英文詞或短語來解釋另一個英文詞或短語。例如，原文中的\"keep sth.in your mind\"可以轉換成\"remember”。（3）進行逆向思維：從另一個角度思考問題，如將原文中的肯定表達轉換為否定表達，或者反之。例如，原文中的\"... not everybody will stay away from an angry face”可以轉換成\"Somebody doesn't liketheonewithanangryface.\"（4）進行關注細節的訓練：注意表格中字母的大小寫;注意動詞時態、語態和主謂一致;注意名詞單復數，所有格;注意形容詞、副詞，各自要有不同的修飾功能；注意行文的邏輯關系。

一、閱讀理解（2022年，無錫卷第三大題A部分）

1. The picture above is

A.a poster B.a notice C.a story D.a report

2.If Bob takes the tour with his parents，they will pay

A.＼50B.100 C.＼150D.200

3.On November1st the tourists will start the tour at

A.BalinghaiBeach B.Coral Garden C. Crocodile and Bulabog Beach D.PukaBeach

【詳解】這是一則旅行廣告，主要介紹了旅行的價格、時間安排、活動內容、餐飲安排等相關事宜。1.細節理解題。根據圖文可知，這是一張海報，故選A。2.細節理解題。根據圖片中的“Only $ 50 perperson\"可知Bob和他的父母一起旅行，需要支付150美元，故選C。3.細節理解題。根據圖片中的“if November-April： Crocodile and Bulabog Beach\"可知11月是鱷魚和布拉博格海灘，故選C。

二、閱讀理解（2023年，蘇州卷第二部分C篇）

Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However，in adolescence（青春 期）changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until . or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early.

Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools begin no earlier than 8：30 a.m. Later school start times support the natural needs of teenagers and increase their sleeping time.

Hereare some other benefits oflater school start times：

Moretimeforahealthybreakfast

When running late in the mornings，students are likely to go without breakfast.With an empty stomach，one finds it difficult to focus（集中）in class.When they are always in a hurry，students may form unhealthy eating habits.

With extra time before going to school， students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and focus more on learning.

Fewerbehavioral（行為的）problems

Teens experience mood changes as a common result of this special period of life.Less sleep may cause worries， stress and unhappiness.

When they get enough sleep，students are calm and peaceful and their moods do not change suddenly.They're less likely to feel worried，unhappy or get angry.For parents， children with more sleep are easier to live with.

Betterperformance（表現）instudy

Sleep loss hurts attention，memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades.Students with enough sleep can be more energetic during the day and more willing to learn.They are also less likely to fall asleep in class and more able to understand what they learn.

In conclusion，starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep.It improves their chances of eating，behaving and performing better.

1. According to the passage，what may cause teenagers to stay up？

A.Their low grades. B.Their empty stomachs.

C. Their body's sleep cycle. D.Their heavy homework.

2.How can sleep loss influence students’study？

A. It gives them much energy. B.Itdoes harm to the brain.

C.It saves more time for study. D.It improves their memory.

3.What's the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？

A.To explain reasons for students'stress.

B.To describe bad habits caused by sleep loss.

C.To discuss scientists’research on healthy food.

D.To introduce benefits of later school start times.

4.In which part of the website can you probably find this passage？

A.Education. B.Fashion. C. Sports. D.Technology.

【詳解】本文是一篇議論文，討論了青少年晚睡問題，提倡推遲學生上學時間以支持他們的自然睡眠需求，并列舉了這樣做的好處。1.細節理解題。根據第一段中的“However，in adolescence changes to the body’ssleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fallasleep early.”可知，青春期身體睡眠周期的變化使得青少年難以早睡，故選C。2.細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“Sleep loss hurts attention，memory and braindevelopment.\"可知，睡眠不足會影響注意力、記憶力和大腦發育，故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的\"In conclusion，starting school later helps studentsget a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating，behaving and performingbetter.\"可知，本文介紹了推遲學生到校時間的一些好處，故選D。4.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了推遲學生到校時間的好處，是關于學生教育的，最有可能出自網站的教育板塊，故選A。

三、信息還原（2023年，常州卷第四大題）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的六個選項中選出四個可以填人空白處的最佳選項。

Years ago，I interviewed a successful advertising man. 1. I never believed he could make it. About ten years later， however，I was surprised to see the man on TV， holding up his new book.He has published more than 1OO best sellers.

His ability to see himself as a writer shows a concept（理念）known as“possible selves\". It describes how people picture their future life： what they may become，or want to become，or even fear to become.

2. What you imagine can come true if you build a bridge from your“now” self to your possible self. But how do we build that bridge？ Here are a few steps you can try.

First of all， just take action.If you're dreaming of a certain job，attend a course，follow someone who does what you want to do and start by taking up that type of work as a hobby or a side job.You should tell yourself that these are the steps you can take to achieve that goal （目標）.

A study of adults aged between 23 and 72 found that more than 70 percent of those who sent weekly progress to a friend completed their goals，twice the percentage of those who didn’t share written goals.So secondly，when you have a goal， share it. 3. That finding held true for all goals.

Finally，try looking toward people you know only by chance for advice，or those with whom you haven't spoken in years.A lot of research has found that when you're asking for valuable advice，people in your larger network are more likely（可能）to help you than those closest to you. 4.

A.Ask your best friends to share their goals.

B.A possible self can take you beyond daydreams.

C.He told me that he dreamed of being a writer in fact.

D.So，reach out to your weak connections for it when needed.

E.He always imagined himself as the most successful businessman.

F.More friends knowing about your goal makes it more likely to be achieved.

【詳解】本文是一篇說明文，闡述了“可能的自己”的概念，并討論了如何實現自己 的目標。 1.根據下文的“About ten years later， however，I was surprised to see the man on TV， holding up his new book.He has published more than 1O0 best sellers.”可知，這位男士已 經出版100多本暢銷書，所以此處是指他的夢想是成為一名作家，故選C。 2.根據下文的“What you imagine can come true if you build a bridge from your‘now' self to your possible self.”可知，如果你從現在的自我搭建一座橋梁到可能的自我，你的 夢想就能成為現實，所以此處是指可能的自己會讓你夢想成真，故選B。 3.根據上文的“So secondly，when you have a goal，share it.\"可知，當你有了目標，請 分享它，所以此處是指更多的朋友知道你的目標，這個目標就更有可能實現，故選F。 4.根據上文的“A lot of research has found that when you’re asking for valuable advice，people in your larger network are more likely to help you than those closest to you.\" 可知，許多研究發現，當你尋求有價值的建議時，你更廣泛的社交網絡中的人比那些最 親近你的人更有可能幫助到你，所以此處是指有需要的時候，可以去聯系那些不常聯 系的人，故選D。

四、閱讀表達（2023年，揚州卷第五大題）

閱讀短文，回答下面五個問題。每題答案不超過10個詞）

Roberta woke up early the next morning. Then she woke up Phyllis and Peter.“We're in the new house.There are no servants here.We must help Mother now，”whispered Roberta.

Carefully the three children lit the fire and filled a kettle（水壺）with water.They hung the kettle above the fire.

“Mother isn’t awake yet.Let’s go outside and sit on that flat stone，”said Roberta. “Perhaps we will see a train go by.”

When Mother came out at eight o'clock，Roberta，Peter and Phyllis were all fast asleep in the sunshine.They had put the ketle on the fire at five o’clock：three hours ago.All the water had boiled away（燒干）.Now there was a hole in the bottom of the ketle.The fire had gone out.

“Never mind，”laughed Mother.“We can boil some water in a pan.And I've found the dinner.”

Sheled them into the kitchen and pointed to a door.

“Last night，I thought this was a cupboard.It was so dark.But look，” she said.

Mother opened the door and the children saw a little room with a table in the middle. On it there was roast beef，bread and butter，cheese and an apple pie.

“Applepieforbreakfast，”criedPeter.“Whatfun！\"

It wasa wonderful breakfast.Everyone was very hungry.

“It feels like dinner because we were up so early，” said Peter，as he passed his plate for more apple pie.

When the children had finished，they helped Mother put everything away in the right place.

Then Mother said，“I’m tired.I’m going to lie down for a while.Go out to play but please be careful.\"

Roberta，Peter and Phyllis looked at each other.They were all thinking the same thing.

“Let’s go down to the railway，”cried Roberta.

“Listen！”said Phyllis.“Ithink Icanheara train.

Peter asked，“Do you think it’s going to London？”

“Father is in London，”replied Roberta.“Let’s go to the station and find out.”

-Takenfrom TheRailwayChildren

1.When did the children get up？

2.What happened to the kettle when the water boiled away？

3.Howdid thechildrenlike thebreakfast？

4.What is“the same thing” they were thinking？

5.What are the children like in your eyes？Why do you think so？

【詳解】本文選自英國作家伊迪絲·內斯比特的著作《鐵路少年》。文章講述了三個孩子和母親在新家的一天的情況。

1.Early the next morning./Before five.根據第一段中的“Roberta wokeup early the next morning.\"和第四段中的“When Mother came out at eighto’clock，Roberta，Peter and Phyllis were all fast asleep in the sunshine.They had put the kettle on the fire at five o'clock：three hoursago.”可知，孩子們第二天一大早就起床了，是在早上五點之前起 來的。

2.There was a hole in the bottom of the kettle.根據第四段中的“All the water had boiled away.Now there was a holein the bottom of the kettle.\"可知，所有的水都燒干了， 現在水壺的底部有一個洞。

3.Wonderful.根據第十段中的\"Itwasawonderful breakfast.”可知，孩子們認為這是一頓美妙的早餐。

4.Going down to the railway.根據倒數第五段中的“Roberta，PeterandPhyllis looked at each other.They were all thinking the same thing.”和倒數第四段中的“‘Let’s go down to therailway，'criedRoberta.\"可知，他們都在想的同樣的事情是到鐵路邊上去。

5.Helpful.Because they help their mother a lot.根據第一段中的\"‘We're in the new house.There are no servants here.We must help Mother now，’whispered Roberta.\"和第二 段中的“Carefully the three children lit the fire and filled a ketle with water.They hung the kettleabove the fire.\"可知，三個孩子是樂于助人的，他們幫了媽媽很多忙。

五、閱讀填空（2021年，南京卷第五大題A部分）

請認真閱讀下面短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格的空格里填人一個最恰當的單詞。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。

Exams are a fact of school life for most people.Almost everyone worries about them and feels stressed，although they have prepared well.

A little stress caused by the exams is useful as it can sharpen your mind and motivate （激發）you to do well.But too much stress can stop you working to the best of your abilities， so it's important not to let it get out of control.Here are some ideas to help you.

The keys to being prepared for exams and avoiding unnecessary exam stress are knowing what you need to know， planning and preparing for your revision（復習），and giving yourself enough time to do it.

If you can，find a copy of the syllabus for each subject. This tells you what you need to know and gives you the topics for revision.

Make a week-by-week revision timetable chart to display in your work space.Include the topics you need to cover for each subject.

About 12 weeks before your first exam，record the dates and times for each of your exams in your planner or diary and make a copy to put on your wall at home.

During your exam period you want your brain to work at its very best，so build in relaxation time before bed，avoid late night revision sessions and try to go to bed early so you get enough sleep. If panic（驚慌） starts to creep in， try to replace your negative thoughts with more positive（積極的）ones，such as“It’s going to be OK.”If you have difficulty answering a question，leave it and move on to the next one—don't spend time tying yourself in mental（思想上的） knots over each question.

You are not alone while dealing with the stress.Call psychological（心理的）hotline to share your worries and get help from others going through the same experience.Remember that there is life after exams.Things may feel stressful right now，but it won'tlast forever. And then the rest of your life will still be there.

【詳解】本文是一篇說明文。在學校生活中每個人都要面對考試。考前有壓力是正常的，它可以激勵你做得更好，但壓力過大就會影響你的正常發揮。本文針對如何減輕壓力提出了一些建議。

1.Worrying。根據第一段中“Exams are a fact of school life for most people.Almost everyone worriesaboutthemand feelsstressed，”可知，幾乎每個人都因擔心考試而倍感 壓力。worryabout意為“為…感到擔心”，在句首用動名詞形式作主語，且首字母須 大寫。

2.fail。根據第二段中“But too much stress can stop you working to the best of your abilities，”可知，太多的壓力會阻礙你發揮出最好的水平，也就是說壓力太大會讓你做 某事不成功。failtodosth.意為“未能做成某事”。

3.revision。根據第四段中“If you can，find a copy of the syllabus for each subject.This tells you what you need to know and gives you the topics for revision.”可知，每門課程的教學大綱會給你復習的主題。此處用revision作get的賓語，表示“進行必要的復習”。

4.week。根據第五段中“Make aweek-by-week revision timetable chart to display inyour work space.\"可知，要在你的學習場所放一張每周復習時間表。week-by-week表示“每周”。

5.ahead/early。根據第六段中“About12 weeksbefore your first exam，record thedates and times for each of your exams in your planner or diary..\"可 知，提前12周準備你的第一場考試，把每次考試的日期和時間記錄在你的記事簿或日記本里。用副詞ahead或early修飾動詞prepare，表示“提前準備”。

6.relaxed。根據第七段中“so build inrelaxation time before bed，avoid late night revision sessions and try to go to bed early so you get enough sleep.”可知，在睡覺前安排放 松時間，避免深夜復習，盡量早點睡覺，這樣你就能得到足夠的睡眠。此處用relaxed作 賓語補足語，構成固定搭配\"make sb. + adj.”

7.encourage。根據第七段中“If panic starts to creep in，try to replace your negativethoughtswithmorepositiveones”可知，如果恐慌開始蔓延，要試著用更多積極的想法取代你的消極想法。本句填encourage表示“鼓勵你自己保持積極的心態”。

8.considering。根據第七段中“If you have difficulty answering a question，leave it andmove on to the next one ...\"可知，如果你回答一個問題有困難，那就別管它，繼續下一個。本句用insteadof doingsth.結構表示“不要考慮它們太久”，介詞后用動名詞形式。

9.help。根據最后一段中“Call psychological hotline to share your worries and get helpfrom others going through the same experience.”可知，你可以撥打熱線電話傾訴你的煩惱，還可以向有同樣經歷的人尋求幫助。此處用help作for的賓語，表示“尋求幫助”。

10.life。根據最后一段中“Thingsmay feel stressful right now，but it won't lastforever.And then the restof your life willstill be there.”可知，現在的事情可能會讓你感覺有壓力，但壓力不會永遠持續下去，你的生活仍會繼續。

六、任務型閱讀（2022年，淮安卷第六大題B部分）

Online eating shows have attracted a lot of fans across the world. Many hosts of such shows are popular for their ability to eat too much food.But some shows have received criticism（批評）for their waste of food.Some hosts threw away a great deal of food instead of eating it up.

It is reported in Beijing News that about 5O million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year.In order to stop food waste，the videos that show food waste have been cut by many video platform（平臺），such as Douyin，Kuaishou and Bilibili.

Recently，the whole country has taken action to avoid wasting food.More than 18 provinces have made some instructions for restaurants to control food waste.In Shanxi Province，local restaurants are asked to provide half portions（半份）to avoid waste. In Wuhan，the government suggests that restaurants use“N-1”mode（模式）.For example， a group of 1O should only order enough food for nine people at first.More food is only brought to the table if needed.

Inaddition，a nationwide“Clear Your Plate”action has been launched（發起） online.Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals.At the same time，new laws are also being considered.“We will make new laws to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste，”announced a government officer.

根據上面短文內容填空（每空不限一詞）

1. Some shows have received criticism because they

2.According to Beijing News，about tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year.The datum（數據）shows the problem of food waste is

3.“N-1”mode is designed to avoid . If twelve people go to dinner， they had better order enough food for only people at first.

4. In addition， action has been launched online.Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of emptyplates after they

5.Our country has already to ask people to save food.Moreover， it will consider making new laws to on avoiding food waste.

【詳解】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了全球在線吃播節目引起的食品浪費問題，以及各地為減少食品浪費所采取的措施。

1.eating;waste lots of food。根據第一段中“Online eating shows have attracted a lot of fans across the world.\"及“But some shows have received criticism for their waste offood.\"可知，一些吃播節目因為浪費大量食物而受到了批評。

2.50 million; serious。根據第二段中“It is reported in Beijing News that about 50 million tons of food is throwninto rubbish bins every year.\"可知，每年大約有 5000 萬 噸食品被扔進垃圾箱，數據顯示食物浪費問題很嚴重。

3.wasting food;eleven。根據第三段中“Recently，the whole country has taken action to avoid wasting food.\"及“For example，a group of 1O should only order enough food for nine people at first.More food is only brought to the table if needed.”可知，這 個模式是為了避免浪費食物，如果10個人去吃飯，一開始只需要點足夠9個人吃的 食物，那么如果是12個人用餐，一開始只點足夠11個人吃的食物。

4.ClearYourPlate；finishtheirmeals。根據最后一段中的“Inaddition，a nationwide‘Clear Your Plate’action has been launched online.Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals.\"可 知，“光盤行動\"已經在網上興起，鼓勵新浪微博用戶在用餐完畢后分享空盤的照片 或視頻。

5.taken action; give clear instructions。根據最后一段中的“At the same time，new laws are also being considered.‘We will make new laws to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste，‘announced a government officer.”可知，國家已經采取行動倡導 人們節約食物，并考慮制定新的法律，明確要求避免食物浪費。

小試牛 刀

一、閱讀理解

請認真閱讀下列材料，從材料后各題所給出的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

You won’t sleep well if it’s too cold.But relative to（相對于）a typical daily room temperature，most people sleep better when it’s cooler. This is part of the reason why many people sleep better during winter.

The main reason is that the temperature influences your circadian rhythm（晝 夜節律）. Everyone has a circadian rhythm. It’s how our body records what time it is and when to start preparing itself for sleep.

During the day， our body temperatures naturally rise and decrease（降低）. It is usually at its highest in the early afternoon and lowest around 5： OO a.m. When we fall asleep， our body naturally cools off.

As you get closer to the bedtime，lights in your bedroom go down. Your body temperature also goes down to prepare you for sleep. When you’re asleep， your body temperature drops further. It remains relatively low until it gradually rises and you wake up.

Helping your body get to that lower temperature faster can encourage deeper sleep. So， is there the best temperature for sleep？ It’s a dificult question，since everybody is different.However，most studies find that the best temperature is between 16-19°C . That’s a suggestion for most people， but a small number of people may need a higher temperature when they sleep. Some sleep experts advise a range（范圍）of 18-22°C

How cold is too cold to sleep in？ While it is different from person to person， research suggests that sleep quality decreases below 12% . However， some people will have trouble sleeping in temperatures above that. If you like the feeling of cold air on your face， but your body is too cold， you' ll choose to use something like an electricblanket（電熱毯）！

1. According to the passage， what influences your circadian rhythm？

A.Thefood you eatbefore bed B.The temperature of your room. C. The amount of exercise you do. D.The color of your bedroom walls

2. When is your body temperature usually at its highest during the day？

A.Atbedtime. B. In the early morning. C.Intheearlyafternoon. D.In the middle of the night

3.What is the best temperature for sleep according to most studies ？

A.Between 12-15C B.Between 16-19°C C.Between 18-22°C D.Above 22%

4.Why is there no one-size-fits-all answer to the best sleep temperature？

A.Because everyone has different body types.

B.Because everyone has different sleeping habits.

C.Because everyone has different circadian rhythms.

D.Because everyone reacts differently to temperature.

二、信息還原

閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的七個選項中選出五個可以填人空白處的最佳選項。

Every morning at some parks， you can find many people sitting and chating together as their dogs run after each other around. 1._ _In the United States alone， the number of dog parks has increased by 4O percent since 2009.

Dog parks sound like a good idea. According to a survey，91 percent of Americans believe dog parks are safe for dogs to exercise. These parks， they say， also allow dogs to socialize（交際）. However， are dog parks as good for dogs as people think？ 2.

To start with，“dog socialization” is the experience of puppies（幼犬）under 20 weeks going through new process. This helps them to have more confidence（自 信）.3. An energetic，noisy dog at the park may be enough to cause them to be afraid of everything.

Yet one of the biggest dangers of dog parks is that most dogs there are not vaccinated（接種疫苗）. Some dog parks look clean，but it is still possible for dogs to pass on diseases to each other. 4. Even without meaning to， a large dog can easily cause serious injury to a smaller one.

In a word， it is much safer and more fun for your dog to spend time with you than in dog parks. You can also take your puppy to puppy classes. 5. There， your dog can meet playmates of similar ages.

A. Dog parks have become quite popular.

B. However， dog parks are not safe for young dogs.

C. They are not as good as dog parks to have fun and exercise.

D. Dog parks are a great place for dogs of all sizes to play together.

E. They are much better places for dogs to socialize than dog parks.

F. Many dog experts，including myself， have a different view to offer.

G. Moreover， dog parks often allow large and small dogs to be together.

三、閱讀表達

閱讀下面短文，回答問題。每題答案不超過10個詞）

Physical exercise is good for our mind， body and spirit. Today， working out through online videos is becoming very popular. Since the Internet is widely used， it's very easy for us to do so. That means we can work out anytime anywhere.

One of my friends，Lin Fei， followed short workout videos to do daily exercise. \"With live programs，I feel like working out with my friends， which encourages me to hold on to the last minute，”she said. Another friend of mine， Michael， told me that workout videos let him feel so comfortable.“I have a fear of working out at the gym（健身房），because I don't like being watched by others.Working out at home makes working out much more enjoyable，\" he said.

With their examples，I decided to give it a try.When I told my plan to my elder sister，a P.E. teacher， she reminded me that workout videos could be helpful but might still carry some problems.

\"Without being with some in person， you will be less willing to work out to your best. Working out at the gym allows you to have advice in real time and get pushed harder，\" my sister said to me. “Well， if you really want to have a try， you should first choose proper programs or videos. That’ s important. And then ask your friends for advice. Their experiences can give you a good sight into what you can expect. Anyway， don'tbe addicted（沉迷的）to it. You should try different ways to work out to be healthy.”

At her suggestions，I finally followed an online workout program with personalized help that is held for three months.After the first period of training， I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount（量） of work along with a strong will. Compared with going to the gym， using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time-saving choice.But it can be difficult sometimes when I'm too lazy or too busy to stick to it.

1. What is becoming very popular now？

2.How does Micheal like working outat home？

3.What did the writer's sister suggest doing first before having a try？

4.How long did the online workout program the writer followed last？

5.Do you like using online videos to work out？ Why？

四、閱讀填空

請認真閱讀下面短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。（每個空格只填1個單詞）

Computers are useful， but sometimes they also harm you. Most of the injuries happen suddenly. For example， if you fall and break your arms， you will get injured very quickly. However， computer injuries happen slowly. You need to learn to use the computer safely.

Your Eyes

Too much light can be bad for your eyes， so never sit too close to a computer. Your eyes should be at least 5O centimeters away from the screen.Remember to have a rest often.

When you use a computer， the window should be on your left side or your right side. If the window is behind you， it will reflect the light of the screen.If the window is in front of you，the sun and the light of the screen will both shine in your eyes.

YourHandsandWrists（手腕）

Hand and wrist injuries can happen when the hands and wrists move in the same way for hundreds of times.If you need to use a keyboard for a long time，follow these three rules.

1） Rest your wrists on something.

2） Keep your elbows as high as the keyboard.

3） Often have a rest and exercise your hands， wrists and fingers.

Your Back

Some people sit for many hours in front of a computer. If you sit in the wrong way，you will harm your back or neck. Therefore，you should sit with your back straight. Your forearms， wrists， hands and the upper part of your legs should all be parallel（平行的） to the floor. You should get up every 3O minutes and exercise your arms，legs and neck.

Enjoy your computer，but use it safely.