完形填空解題技巧

技巧1 利用語境推斷法解題

語境推斷是指根據上下文的語境提示或暗示，身臨其境地理解文章的語境和作者的情感態度，推斷出符合場景的最佳選項。從語境推斷角度命題也是完形填空最主要的命題方式。

（1）利用語境暗示解題

完形填空的語篇是非常注重全文完整性的，各句之間以及各段之間都有緊密的聯系，有些關鍵信息往往會在上下文給出暗示或提示信息。語篇中也有詞匯和結構同現的現象，即與語篇話題相關、意義相關的詞匯同時出現，如原詞復現、同義詞和反義詞復現、代詞復現等。

解答此類試題，首先要在設空處前后找到與設空句子相關聯的句子；其次把設空處與相關聯的句子意思聯系起來理解，找出解題線索，尤其要抓住關鍵詞和關鍵信息；最后，利用已知信息并對照備選項，選出最符合語境的答案。

【例題】\"It’s Day 45 of our expedition（探險）to the South Pole.This must be one of the most difficult days I've ever had，”I thought with a breath as Iwalked against the wind and snow in sub-zero temperatures. We're finally just a few miles away from our destination（目的地）.

A. slow B. light C. heavy D. easy

【解析】根據設空句上一句“This must be one of the most difficult days I've everhad.\"以及設空句“..as I walked against the wind and snow in sub-zero temperatures.\"可知，“這一定是我經歷過的最艱難的一天\"及“頂風冒雪行走中一定很艱難”，這兩句前后暗示結果，由此可推斷出“我喘著粗氣地行走”。故選C。

（2）利用作者態度或感情色彩解題

解題時，學生首先可快速閱讀文章，同時仔細找出能夠反映作者態度或感情色彩的重要詞匯，通常是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯是我們做題時重要的參照線索。然后分析表示感情色彩的詞匯和設空處之間的聯系。

【例題】The fireman turned back to the train. My brother and I began searching for coal again.After a while，the fireman brought abasket and it was filled with clean coal.We were so because we could go home early that day.He smiled. That’s the kindest and warmest smile Ihad ever seen.

A.interested B. nervous C.excited D. proud

【解析】根據設空句“...we could go home early that day.\"可知，作者此刻的感受是因為可以早點回家產生的。根據下句\"That’s the kindest and warmest smileIhad everseen.\"可知，作者認為“燒爐工人的笑是最善良最溫暖的”，綜合推測此時作者應該是高興的或興奮的。故選C。

（3）利用首尾呼應解題

記敘文通常通過故事情節來發展主題，且主題常在文章結尾處，與首段進行呼應。說明文或議論文常通過不同的事例來說明一個事物或陳述一個觀點，而對事物的評價或觀點的總結通常在結尾。解題在遇到段首、段尾設空時，可利用首尾呼應關系，在文段開頭或結尾找相關聯的句子并分析，確定正確答案。

【例題】\"It’s Day 45 of our expedition（探險）to the South Pole.This must be one of the most difficult days I've ever had，”I thought with a heavy breath as I walked against the wind and snow in sub-zero temperatures.We're finally just a few miles away from our destination（目的地）...

It was wonderful to be finally standing at the South Pole.This expedition has taught me thatwemust overcomeall kinds ofdifficulties to and never give up.

A.succeed B.exercise C. perform D.achieve

【解析】根據文章開頭句子\"It’s Day 45of our expedition（探險）to the South Pole.” 以及本文最后段的段首句\"It was wonderful to be finally standing at the South Pole.\"可 知，經過45天艱難探險成功到達南極。根據尾句\".. we must overcome allkinds of dificultiesto...\"可知，克服困難是為了成功，succeed為不及物動詞，符合題意。故選A。

技巧2利用邏輯關系推理法解題

邏輯關系推理法是指通過分析設空處上下句的邏輯關系來推理出正確選項。常見的邏輯關系有并列關系、因果關系、遞進關系、讓步關系、轉折關系、對比關系等。

解答此類試題時，首先需要理解文章大意，理清上下文邏輯，知道前后句存在哪種邏輯關系;其次，在理解文章大意及前后句邏輯關系的基礎上，分析備選項，弄清備選項的意思及其表示的邏輯關系，從而結合語境選出正確答案。

【例題】At dinner I wanted to show them to my parents .I waited forPaul to speak first. Instead of saying a word，he just ate a little and then went to his room.

A. strangely B. slowly C. proudly D.sadly

【解析】通過設空句\"At dinnerIwanted to show them to my parents .”與后 句\"Instead of saying a word，he just ate a little and then went to his room.\"前后兩句關系 對比，可知是轉折關系，進而得知“晚飯時，我想驕傲地把它們拿給父母看”，proudly驕 傲地。故選C。

技巧3 利用句子間的信息解題

句子的關鍵信息就隱藏在句子中或段落與段落的銜接處。通過仔細推敲，我們可以找到確切、具體的線索，把答案推測出來。

【例題】All of the staff in my hotel did a great job recently. We decided to raise money fora woman called Nora.She is working as a front ofice clerk in the .Afew weeks ago she was told by doctors that she had a brain tumor（瘤）.

A. hotel B. library C. restaurant D. store

【解析】句意：“她在當前臺職員。”hotel旅館;library圖書館;restaurant餐館;store商店。根據本段第一句“All of the staf in my hotel did a great job recently.\"可知，他們是一家旅館的員工，因此她應是旅館的前臺職員。故選A。

技巧4 利用排除法解題

如果不能直接看出某一道題的答案，可以把排除法和詞匯、語法分析結合起來運用，從而縮小選擇的范圍，提高答題準確率。這種情況有以下幾種：

☆分析設空處與前后詞之間的從屬關系及搭配關系，從而排除一些選項；

☆弄清楚該題的句法關系，分析一下它是簡單句、并列句還是復合句；

☆判斷所填的內容在句中充當什么成分，應是什么詞性，并分析備選答案之間的異同，從而排除干擾項選出正確答案。

【例題】In 1856，William Perkin，an18-year-old student，noticed something strange while doing an experimen（實驗）.The chemicals（化學藥品） he used to clean his instruments mixed with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. This discovery led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much cheaper than sea-snail dye. Thanks to Perkin， now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes.

A. geography B.science C.art D. math

【解析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“1856，一個18歲的 學生WilliamPerkin在做實驗時發現了一些奇怪的東西。\"geography地理;science科學，理科;art藝術;math數學。根據下文\"Thechemicals（化學藥品）...\"及常識可知，化學學科屬于理科，此處science是“理科\"的意思。故選B。

技巧5 利用固定搭配法解題

固定搭配形式有動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配、形容詞與名詞的搭配以及介詞短語搭配等，做題時要根據內容選擇正確的短語。

【例題】We don't make a“chore plan”for her to finish each day！ However， we chores to her slowly. Iunderstand the reason behind that. It teaches a child to be responsible（負責的）for what he or she does.

A. cheat B. send C. add D. shoot

【解析】句意：“然而，我們會慢慢給她增加家務。\"根據“Wedon'tmakea‘choreplan’forhertofinisheachday！”可知，我們沒有為她制訂每天必須完成的“家務計劃”，但是會慢慢地增加一些任務給她，add...t...把…添加到，與句意相符。故選C。

技巧6 利用常識法解題

解答完形填空題時，如果文章中提供的信息不夠，還需要將題目與頭腦中儲存的知識信息結合起來考慮，最后選出符合常識的最佳答案。

【例題】The next morning，when the litle boy ran to check the barrels，he found that the barrels were blown here and there again.The little boy felt very unhappy and cried. His father came and said kindly，“Son， don’t be sad.We may have no way to deal with the wind，but we may have ways for you， so we can have our own ways to beat the wind.” Then the little boy dried his tears and thought over and over.Finally，he thought of an idea. He filled the barrels with water. After that，he went home worriedly.

A. empty B. full C. useless D. special

【解析】根據“Hefilled the barrelswithwater.\"及生活常識可知“只有空桶才能裝滿水”。故選A。

（作者單位：省鄆城縣南城初級中學）