現在分詞，你掌握了嗎

有一句話可以用來簡單記憶現在分詞和過去分詞用法的區別：

主動關系用—ing；

被動關系用—ed.

當然實際運用中還要考慮到很多問題。比如，與句中主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，先于謂語動詞發生，又要強調這種“先于”，就要用having done的形式；如果是被動關系，又先于謂語動詞發生的話，就用having been done的形式。

讓我們來看幾道高考題是怎么來考查這些問題的吧！

【例1】The storm left，________a lot of damage to this area. （2005全國卷Ⅱ）

A. caused

B. to have caused

C. to cause

D. having caused

【解析】 D。本題考查分詞的用法。選D的原因有二：一、storm與cause為主動關系；二、強調風暴引起的巨大影響。所以要用完成進行時。

【提示】做此類題的關鍵是：首先確立動詞與主語的關系，是主動還是被動；然后還要根據上下文判斷是否要強調此動作先于另一個動作完成，或者要強調此動作帶來的影響。根據這些情況去判斷到底是用現在分詞還是過去分詞；是否要用完成時等。

【例2】It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________the answers ready will be of great help. （2005北京卷）

A. To have had

B. Having had

C. Have

D. Having

【解析】 D。這里是需要一個名詞性的詞組作主語，用動名詞。不是強調先前發生的動作，所以不選擇B。正確答案為D。

【例3】Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing， as long as we were together________fun. （2005重慶卷）

A. had B. have C. to have D. having

【解析】D。we和have fun 是主動關系，應該用現在分詞。故正確答案為D。

【例4】“We can’t go out in this weather”said Bob，________out of the window.（2004全國卷Ⅱ）

A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked

【解析】 A。本題考查分詞作狀語的用法。Bob與 look之間是主動關系，應該用現在分詞，故正確答案為A。

【例5】Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures________in your mind instead of before your eyes. （2004全國卷Ⅲ）

A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed

【解析】C。本題考查分詞的用法。picture與form 之間是主動關系，應該用現在分詞，故正確答案為C。

【例6】________the programme， they have to stay there for another two weeks.（2004廣東卷）

A. Not completing

B. Not completed

C. Not having completed

D. Having not completed

【解析】 C。本題考查分詞否定形式的用法。非謂語動詞否定式應該否定在前。they與complete之間存在主謂關系，應該用現在分詞。另外，從句子語境分析，第二個動作stay是第一個動作的影響造成的，應該用分詞的完成式。故正確答案為C。

【例7】He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.（2004上海春招）

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

【解析】 D。catch sb. doing sth. 發現某人正在做某事。正確答案為D。

【提示】在see， hear， watch， feel， observe， have， listen to ， notice等動詞后，既可以用現在分詞構成復合賓語，也可以用不定式構成復合賓語，但兩者的含義是有差別的。用現在分詞表示動作正在發生，用不定式表示動作發生過了。

A. 選擇填空。

1. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays， ________advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (2005上海卷)

A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

2. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World， the Indians________jewllery made of animals bones greeted them warmly. (2005上海春招)

A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn

3. The old man，________abroad for twenty years， is on the way back to his motherland. (2004江蘇卷)

A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked

4. The man insisted________a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (2004江蘇卷)

A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding

5. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________in the kitchen.(2003全國卷)

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

【答案】

1～5AADCB

【解析】

1. people與take在這里是主動關系，應該用現在分詞。選擇A。

2． wear與 Indians 是主動關系，應該用現在分詞。“帶著用動物的骨頭做的珠寶的印第安人”。選擇A。

3． 這里關鍵詞for twenty years暗示我們work動作在is on the way back之前發生的，要用分詞的完成形式作后置定語。選擇D。

4． insist on doing sth. 堅持做某事。選擇C。

5． 本題考查動詞find的用法。find sb. doing sth. 發現某人正在做某事。選擇B。

B. 請找出下面句子的錯誤并改正。

6. Daniel walked up and down as he listened， hands behind his back， now and then asked a question.

___________________________________________________________________

7. Upon questioning he denied having killed the old woman with the home-made gun.

___________________________________________________________________

8. Marta being chosen as the most outstanding student on her campus made her parents very happy.

___________________________________________________________________

9. All things have been canceled because of the snowstorm， many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

___________________________________________________________________

10. We went to the World Park， Xiao Wang act as guide for he had been there several times.

___________________________________________________________________

【答案】

6. Daniel walked up and down as he listened， hands behind his back， now and then asking a question.

7. Upon being questioned he denied having killed the old woman with the home-made gun.

8. Marta’s being chosen as the most outstanding student on her campus made her parents very happy.

9. All things having been canceled because of the snowstorm， many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

10. We went to the World Park， Xiao Wang acting as guide for he had been there several times.

【解析】

6. 現在分詞短語表伴隨。

7. question與其邏輯主語he構成被動關系，故要用被動態。

8. 在句子的開頭要用名詞的屬格作動名詞的邏輯主語。

9. 現在分詞的獨立結構作狀語。

10. Xiao Wang為現在分詞的邏輯主語，現在分詞短語表伴隨。

編輯/孫櫟櫟