摘 要:過去,與稅收的受益歸宿相比,對政府公共支出受益歸宿問題的研究顯得相當薄弱。不過,經過不少學者的努力,對政府公共支出的受益歸宿問題的研究已經積累起相當多的文獻。但是,不論是國外還是國內,都還沒有對公共支出受益歸宿問題的研究成果進行全面的評估。本文包括公共支出受益歸宿的研究方法、主要研究成果及評述三個部分。本文的研究表明,對該領域的研究成果進行評估具有很強的理論和現實意義,它能夠幫助我們加深對公共支出在資源配置效率上的理解,也有助于更好地分析公平增長與公共支出安排之間的關系。
關鍵詞:政府公共支出;受益歸宿;公平增長
中圖分類號:F810.45 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2007)01-0006-06
The Comment on the Studies of Government Public
Expenditure and Its Benefit Incidence
WANGZhi-tao
(School of Management, Henan Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China)
Abstract:Aggregate relations of public expenditure were the more analyses and the focuses before,for example,the relationship of public expenditure and economic growth,residential consumption or the relationship of public investment and private investment,and so on. It is very frail study on government public expenditure. This situation is so in China. However,Because of the great effects of some economists,There are a lot of documents on public expenditure not only domestic study but also foreign study. It is to be regretted that we haven't comprehensive evaluation about the field. Therefore, it is very important to comment government public expenditure and its benefit incidence. Especially, when we discuss equity of income distribution and harmonious society, we can understand better the relationship of equitable growth and public expenditure arrangement.
Key words:government public expenditure; benefit incidence; equitable growth
1 引言
長期以來,與稅收的受益歸宿相比,對政府公共支出受益歸宿問題的研究顯得相當薄弱。由如何征稅才能提高經濟效率和促進收入的公平分配等問題引發的關于稅收及其受益歸宿的文獻可謂汗牛充棟,不論是Wicksell的自愿交換模型或Samuelson的公共物品模型,還是進行一般均衡分析的Haberger模型,都對稅收公平問題進行了闡發,并啟發了許多經濟學家投身于這一研究領域。針對這種現狀,Brown and Jackson指出,研究者很少關注對公共支出的受益如何在全體社會成員之間的分配問題并認為原因是多方面的,例如,信息缺乏、公共支出的產出難以衡量,財政學者對公共支出與收入分配的關系未予重視等等[1]。我們也可以從收入的度量問題、觀測單位、對相對價格的效應估計、公共物品以及實物轉移的評估等方面解釋為什么人們難以確定支出的效應。……