藍(lán)延蘭編織畬鄉(xiāng)“哈達(dá)”

浙江景寧畬族自治縣鶴溪鎮(zhèn)東弄村的藍(lán)延蘭，是位名不見經(jīng)傳的畬族文化傳承者，她不但是畬族的編織彩帶傳人，還是個(gè)地道的畬族山歌傳播者。

藍(lán)延蘭受祖母影響和受畬語畬歌熏陶，7歲時(shí)就對(duì)畬族彩帶的制作產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。那時(shí)的她一面纏著祖母玩，一面吵著要學(xué)織畬族彩帶，而且一學(xué)就著了迷。她在學(xué)織彩帶中，還把祖母口傳的畬歌記在小本子上，通過日積月累，如今已記下了5000多首畬歌詞譜，這成了她編織彩帶最好的會(huì)意文字符號(hào)。

畬族人喜歡在勞作時(shí)候唱歌，他們以歌傳情、以歌會(huì)友、以歌迎親、以歌治喪，只要有畬族人居住的地方，到處可以聽到這種原生態(tài)的假聲畬歌，而藍(lán)延蘭則喜歡在她織彩帶的時(shí)候邊織邊唱，這種邊織邊唱制作畬族彩帶情景，到了藍(lán)延蘭參加“浙江中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)展”并獲得大賽特別金獎(jiǎng)后，更被畬族制作彩帶的女子們看重起來了。大家認(rèn)為藍(lán)延蘭邊唱歌邊織帶，已把詞譜里那些富有哲理的文字織進(jìn)了彩帶，堪稱畬族文化一絕。

藍(lán)延蘭在彩帶制作中進(jìn)行革新，將8厘米的傳統(tǒng)彩帶加寬成10.6厘米至12厘米的寬幅彩帶，獨(dú)創(chuàng)出最具代表性的藍(lán)延蘭畬族彩帶，并把“風(fēng)調(diào)雨順”、“國(guó)泰民安”等等字樣織進(jìn)了五彩斑斕的彩帶中。

如今到景寧的賓客，除了游山玩水還都要買一條藍(lán)延蘭的彩帶帶回家，以攜回美好的祝福，攜回彩帶上那些“五谷豐登”、“福祿壽禧”、“龍飛鳳舞”、“金玉滿堂”等用斜體文字織就的美好生活愿景。

藍(lán)延蘭獨(dú)創(chuàng)的寬幅彩帶給她帶來了財(cái)富，如今的藍(lán)延蘭已經(jīng)是位有名氣的畬族藝人，她常年在畬鄉(xiāng)演唱山歌并展示她的彩帶制作絕活，收入不菲。這種彩帶猶如畬鄉(xiāng)的“哈達(dá)”，它把畬家人淳樸善良的祝福傳送給游覽畬鄉(xiāng)的人們，這種原始的民族文化，通過這位畬家女的智慧傳遍祖國(guó)的四面八方。

生活一如她的彩帶多彩而浪漫，她每天都充實(shí)地忙碌著編織，在完成了縣里的大型活動(dòng)之后，藍(lán)延蘭相繼被邀請(qǐng)參加“2006杭州西湖博覽會(huì)”，在那段時(shí)間里，她在民間藝術(shù)演示板塊中一次又一次地向中外游客表演她的彩帶絕活。為了積極配合景寧畬鄉(xiāng)文化活動(dòng)，今年初藍(lán)延蘭又把“打造中國(guó)畬鄉(xiāng)，建設(shè)和諧景寧”這組文字反復(fù)編織成2米多長(zhǎng)的彩帶，鑲嵌在縣委書記的畬族服裝上。

“一條彩帶斑斕斑，彩帶是娘親手織，送給兒郎縛身上，看見彩帶看見娘。”藍(lán)延蘭最喜歡唱這首畬族“織帶歌”，在這個(gè)美麗而古老的村莊，她就是這樣唱著山歌織著彩帶度過美好的一天。采訪她的時(shí)候，她的男人默默地站在她的身后純樸地笑笑，溫馨之情盡在這一笑間。自從藍(lán)延蘭戴著鳳冠頭飾與他結(jié)為夫婦后，這個(gè)不善言談的男人總是這樣默默地支持著藍(lán)延蘭，夫婦倆相敬如賓。畬族彩帶、畬族山歌、作響的頭飾，藍(lán)延蘭的歌帶人生顯得多姿多彩！

Village Woman Promotes Ethnic Culture

By Yan Lingzhu

Ten years ago， few heard of Lan Yanlan， an ordinary woman in the village of Dongnong， Hexi Town in Jingning， an autonomous She Ethnic County in southern Zhejiang. Nowadays the village woman has become widely known as an enthusiastic champion of the ethnic She culture. She is not only a master of homemade colored woven ribbons but also a singer of rural folksongs.

Lan Yanlan developed a passion for making woven belts at 7. She acquired two valuable things for her life from her grandmother. She learned how to weave belts and learned the folksongs her grandmother hummed while weaving. Today， her notebooks are a treasure of 5，000 ethic She folk songs. The She minority people are fond of singing on various important occasions: they sing at weddings and funerals， they sing to court， they sing to celebrate friendship. Singing， characterized by original 1tto， is an important part of the life of the She people.

In November， 1999， her performance of weaving and singing at a provincial folk arts exposition held in Wenzhou won her a gold medal. Her instant fame served as a revelation to the charms of the ethnic She culture. Her fellow weavers began to value the art of woven ribbons. Experts regard her art of weaving and singing as a sample of the ethnic culture.

Lan’s colored ribbons are made on an improved pattern. The traditional ribbons usually measures 8 centimeters in width whereas her ribbons are 10.6 to 12 centimeters wide. The broader ribbons make room for weaving good-luck phrases， an attractive feature never seen before in She ribbons. Lan’s unique ribbons bring her a fortune. All the year around， her performances of weaving and singing in the mountainous She villages are a great tourist attraction. Many tourists buy a ribbon from Lan to make their sightseeing tour in Jingning County memorable.

Nowadays， Lan Yanlan leads a life as colorful as her ribbons. She is frequently invited to display her art at important events such as tourism promotions at the county capital and the 2006 West Lake Exposition in Hangzhou.

(Translated by David)