在英語中,我們把直接引用別人的原話叫做直接引語,通常置于引號內;而轉述別人說話的內容則稱為間接引語。在英語考試中,我們常常會遇到在兩者之間相互轉換的題目。下面我們通過一些例子來說明其中的規則。
1. The spokesman said, \"The prime minister will visit three countries in Africa next week.\"
新聞發言人說:“總理將于下周訪問非洲三國。”
有學生這樣轉換:“The spokesman said the prime minister will visit three countries in Africa next week.”乍一看,這果然是個間接引語,但是我們細看里面的時態就會發現不妥。主句中的動詞“said”是過去時,而總理的動作卻是“will visit”,顯然出現了時態錯誤,那么我們應該把句中的“will visit”的時態退后,改成過去將來時“would visit”。同時,時間狀語next week要加上定冠詞the加以限定,表示“說話時刻之后的下一周”。
正確的改法應該是:The spokesman said the prime minister would visit three countries in Africa the next week.
但是如果直接引語的內容是客觀規律,則不用更改時態。
Our teacher told us, \"The boiling point of water is 100℃ under standard atmospheric pressure.\"
老師告訴我們:“在標準大氣壓下,水的沸點是100攝氏度?!?/p>
可轉變為:Our teacher told us that the boiling point of water is 100℃ under standard atmospheric pressure.
2. The journalist asked him, \"Were you present at the press conference yesterday?\"
那名記者問他:“昨天你是否出席了新聞發布會?”
有學生這樣改了間接引語:“The journalist asked him that were you present at the press conference yesterday.”首先一個明顯的錯誤,從句中不能出現疑問句的語序,需將其轉換成陳述句的語序。但僅僅這樣是無法體現疑問句的原意的,我們需要在前面加上連詞if或者whether… or not(是否),來體現疑問語氣。另外根據剛才說的時態退后原則,我們要將從句的一般過去時變為過去完成時。相應的,要將表示具體時間的“yesterday”變為相對的時間“the day before”或者“the previous day”。
那么,原句變為The journalist asked him if he had been present at the press conference the day before.
3. 總結了上面的兩個例句,將特殊疑問句的直接引語轉換成間接引語就很簡單了。
The police questioned the witness, \"What did you see on the spot?\"
警方詢問目擊者:“你在現場都看到了什么?”
根據上述原則,原句可變為:The police questioned the witness what he had seen on the spot.……p>