摘 要:Kau、Keenan和Smurov以美國個(gè)人住房抵押貸款市場為研究對象,建立了住房抵押貸款強(qiáng)度定價(jià)模型(簡稱KKS模型)。但此模型不盡完善,不能完全適合中國市場。因此,本文從中國個(gè)人住房抵押貸款市場的實(shí)際出發(fā),改進(jìn)KKS模型的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素:折現(xiàn)方法、追償值計(jì)算和利率隨機(jī)模型,建立了基于強(qiáng)度模型的住房抵押貸款定價(jià)模型。為了驗(yàn)證新模型的適用性,利用蒙特卡羅方法,給出了一份10年期、首付50%、本金10萬元的住房抵押貸款的價(jià)值,分析了房價(jià)趨勢、首付比例、貸款利率、貸款期限對住房抵押貸款價(jià)值的影響。研究結(jié)論對我國銀行制定合理的住房抵押貸款政策具有重要的借鑒價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞:強(qiáng)度模型;住房抵押貸款;定價(jià);蒙特卡羅模擬
中圖分類號:F830.53 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2008)05-0075-06
Valuation Mortgage for Housing and Its Implications
with An Intensity Approach
ZHOU Ying-ying, QIN Xue-zhi, SHANG Qin, WANG Yue
(School of Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)
Abstract:Kau, Keenan and Smurov research American individual mortgage market and design a mortgage pricing intensity model. But this model isn’t perfect and doesn’t fit for Chinese market. So, according with Chinese individual mortgage market, this paper designs a mortgage for housing pricing model with an intensity approach which improves three key factors of KKS model: discounting method, calculate approach of recovery value and interest rate stochastic model. For validating applicability of new model, this paper calculates the value of a 10000 yuan loan whose term is 10 years and proportion of initial payment is 50%, and analyses influence of house price trend, the proportion of initial payment to principal, loan interest rate and term to mortgage value with Monte Carlo method. Results are very useful to banks in China to draw up or execute mortgage policy.
Key words:intensity model; mortgage for housing; pricing; Monte Carlo method
1 引言
自1998年住房體制改革以來,商業(yè)銀行不斷擴(kuò)大個(gè)人住房抵押貸款業(yè)務(wù),持續(xù)火爆的房地產(chǎn)市場掩蓋了該業(yè)務(wù)的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和提前償付風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。國外銀行常用MBS(Mortgage Backed Securities)管理這兩種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但目前我國金融市場流動性過剩,股票市場、房地產(chǎn)市場投資回報(bào)率顯著高于此類固定收益證券,種種原因使MBS近期內(nèi)失去了迅速、廣泛推行的動力。因此,如何及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)、準(zhǔn)確衡量、積極防控這兩種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成為我國商業(yè)銀行迫切需要解決的問題。本文首先從微觀視角出發(fā),衡量出違約和提前償付風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對一份貸款價(jià)值的影響程度,進(jìn)而揭示我國房貸市場的宏觀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最后以貸款價(jià)值最大化為目標(biāo),對個(gè)人住房抵押貸款政策提出合理建議。……