摘 要:在新的宏觀經濟背景下,科學的國債管理策略已經成為穩健財政政策的有效手段之一。本文假設,債務管理人的主要目是尋找最優的國債發行策略,在滿足赤字率,國債負擔率等約束條件的同時,最小化國債組合的期望利率成本。基于該假設,本文提出了一個隨機優化模型,其中利率期限結構是一個Vasicek形式的隨機過程。應用對利率期限結構的Monte Carlo模擬,本文將隨機優化模型轉化為線性規劃問題。最后,本文對我國國債的最優發行策略進行了實證研究,比較了赤字管理方式和國債余額管理方式下的不同發行策略。結果指出,在國債余額管理方式下,應該加大短期國債的發行規模,同時限制長期國債的發行規模。
關鍵詞:國債;利率成本;利率期限結構;國債余額管理
中圖分類號:F224 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2008)03-0008-05
Study on the Optimal Issuance Strategy of National Debt Based on the Interest Cost Minimization
ZHAO Qian
(Science Research Institute,Ministry of Finance,Beijing 100036,China )
Abstract:National debt management is now a key strategy of stable finance policy facing new policies of economic. This paper assumes that the main object of debt manager is to find optimal issuance strategy of national debt in order to minimize the expected interest cost of portfolio of national debt while satisfying some constrains such as deficit rate and national debt burden rate. Based on this assumption,this paper proposes a stochastic optimization model,in which the term structure of interest rate follows Vasicek model. The stochastic optimization model can be translated into a linear programming model using the Monte Carlo simulation for interest. At last,this paper dose empirical research for China,and compares the different optimal issuance strategies under the deficit management style and the balance management style. The results indicate that the Ministry of Finance should increase the issuance amount of short-term national debt and decrease that of long-term national debt under the balance management of national debt.
Key words:national debt;interest cost;term structure of interest rate;balance management of national debt
1 引言
自我國開始發行國債以來,我國每年的國債發行規模均不斷增加,僅2005年,全年國債發行已達到7042億元。在普通國債發行量逐漸增加的同時,我國根據宏觀調控的需要采用國債這一財政政策工具配合貨幣政策,從而在國債數量上采取不同的政策。例如,2007年6月29日,十屆全國人大常委會第二十八次會議批準財政部發行15500億元特別國債以緩解國內流動性過剩問題。隨著國債在國民經濟中的重要性日漸突出,國債管理問題日漸受到了理論界及管理者的關注。特別是,我國采用國債余額管理方式取代以往的赤字管理方式,在這種背景下研究國債管理問題有著非常重要的意義。……