摘 要:本文在對有關貨幣政策執行效果地區差別的文獻進行回顧的基礎上,利用VAR模型和IRF檢驗證實我國貨幣政策存在顯著的區域效應。隨后從貨幣經濟學的角度進一步分析得出信貸渠道、利率渠道是我國貨幣政策區域效應的主要原因,匯率渠道對貨幣政策傳導影響較弱。最后建議:加強欠發達地區的金融生態建設,改善利率傳導機制,完善人民幣匯率形成機制,增強匯率渠道在貨幣政策傳導中的主動性。
關鍵詞:貨幣政策;區域效應;向量自回歸;脈沖響應函數
中圖分類號:F820 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2008)03-0017-06
An Empirical Analysis of Regional Effects of Monetary Policy in China
——Based on VAR Models with Data of East Middle and West China
SHI Hua-jun,LING Zhi-yong,ZHENG Gui-hua,YI Mian-yang
(Economy and Management School,HuNan Industry University,Zhuzhou 412008,China)
Abstract:Based on the reviewing essays about regional effects of monetary policy,this paper has verified that there exist manifest regional effects of monetary policy in our country,with VAR model and IRF. According to the theory in monetary economics,this paper concluded that credit channel,interest channel are the major causes to regional effects of monetary policy in our country and foreign exchanging rate channel minorer. Lastly this paper puts forward the suggestion of strengthing the building of finance circumstance in undeveloping areas,smoothing the transmission mechanism of interest rate,improving foreign exchange rate rules and strengthing the rule of foreign exchange rate in monetary policy.
Key words:monetary policy;regional effects;vector auto-regressions;impulse response function
1 引言
貨幣政策是以調節總量為主的宏觀經濟政策,由于地區間經濟、社會和金融發展存在差異,因此實行統一的貨幣政策,有可能產生不同效果,這也稱為貨幣政策的區域效應。國際上關于貨幣政策區域效應的討論是和歐元區、歐洲中央銀行聯系在一起的。蒙代爾提出的最優貨幣區理論是理論基礎。最優貨幣區的成本——收益分析說明,共同貨幣可以降低貿易中貨幣結算的交易成本、消除相關價格的不確定性。但統一的貨幣政策也會引發一些問題,其中最突出的就是貨幣政策的區域效應,這會導致貨幣政策在地區間的分配效應。一些學者通過運用經濟計量模型研究發現,同樣的貨幣政策沖擊(短期利率變動)對不同國家產出和物價的作用效果是不同的[1,2]。Carlino和Defina[3]分析了美國48個州的數據,表明美聯儲的貨幣政策會產生區域效應。……