摘 要:生產(chǎn)者延伸責(zé)任制度(Extended Producer Responsibility,下文簡稱EPR)有助于解決廢舊產(chǎn)品引發(fā)的環(huán)境問題,并提高產(chǎn)品整個生命周期內(nèi)的環(huán)境績效。目前,我國有關(guān)部門正在組織探討汽車行業(yè)EPR的實施模式。本文首先構(gòu)建了EPR的實施績效及作用機(jī)理的概念模型,并對生產(chǎn)者行為策略、系統(tǒng)實踐改進(jìn)及績效改進(jìn)之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了假設(shè);以我國汽車行業(yè)為例,利用統(tǒng)計分析方法,從實證角度對假設(shè)模型進(jìn)行檢驗并修正,提出我國EPR的實施績效及運(yùn)行機(jī)理實證模型;最后提出建議。
關(guān)鍵詞:生產(chǎn)者延伸責(zé)任制度;實施績效;作用機(jī)理;汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)
中圖分類號:F407.471 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:100-5192(2008)01-0046-07
Empirical Study on Performs and Functioning Mechanisms of Extended Producer
Responsibility (EPR) Based on Chinese Automobile Industry
ZAO Yi-ping, ZU Qing-hua
(School of Management, Dalian University of echnology, Dalian 11602, China)
Abstract:Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)could contribute to resolve the environmental problems of end-of-life products,and increase the environmental performances in the whole life cycle of products as well. he Chinese government is starting working on the development of EPR in the car industry recently. Based on previous researches, this paper sets up a conceptual model of performance and mechanisms of EPR. ypotheses of the relationships among behavioral strat egies, practice improvements and performance improvements are generated afterwards. hese hypotheses are testified by statistically analyzing data from over ten major car producers in China. As a result, an empirical model on performance and mechanisms of EPR based on Chinese automobile industry is formulated accordingly. Suggestions are given in the last part.
Key words:extended producer responsibility; implementation performs;functioning mechanisms; automobile industry
1 引言
目前,全世界已有20多個國家和地區(qū)通過立法在多種行業(yè)確立了基于生產(chǎn)者延伸責(zé)任制(Extended Producer Responsibility,下文簡稱EPR)的廢舊產(chǎn)品回收管理制度體系,旨在提高產(chǎn)品消費(fèi)后環(huán)節(jié)乃至整個生命周期的環(huán)境績效[1]。這一法規(guī)要求生產(chǎn)企業(yè)承擔(dān)其廢舊產(chǎn)品回收管理的主要責(zé)任[2],促使各國生產(chǎn)企業(yè)紛紛采取措施進(jìn)行響應(yīng),但實施方式及績效不盡相同。我國政府已開始重視生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在廢棄物管理中的地位與作用。我國2005年4月1日起生效的《固體廢棄物污染環(huán)境法》(簡稱《固廢法》)中原則性地確立EPR制度。隨著我國廢舊汽車所帶來的各類環(huán)境問題日益突出[4],國家有關(guān)部門還先后制訂出臺了《報廢汽車回收管理辦法》和《汽車產(chǎn)品回收利用技術(shù)政策》等,積極探討建設(shè)由生產(chǎn)者參與的廢舊汽車回收管理體系。
國外學(xué)者對EPR的涵義、原則及政策[1,5,6],以及各國實踐經(jīng)驗[7~10]進(jìn)行了廣泛研究,并從環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及生產(chǎn)者行為等角度對EPR的實施績效進(jìn)行了探討[11~1]。……