摘 要:近年來中國稅收收入呈現出持續高速增長的態勢。本文以房地產業企業所得稅為對象,考察了經濟性因素、管理性因素和政策性因素對稅收超常增長的影響。稅收增長計量模型的實證檢驗結果表明,房地產業企業所得稅的收入彈性約為1.21。稅收征管效率的提高和稅收政策的變動都不同程度地促進了稅收的增長。其中,稅收征管效率的提高對房地產業企業所得稅收入增長的促進作用明顯。
關鍵詞:房地產業;企業所得稅;稅收彈性
中圖分類號:F810.422文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2008)02-0008-05
Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between
Tax Revenue Increase and Economic Growth
[WT]——A Case Study of Enterprise Income Tax on Real Estate Industry
GU Cheng1, WANG Yuan-lin2
[HK41](1. School of Public Finance and Taxation, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian 116025, China; 2. School of Mathematics and Quantitative Economics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian 116025, China)
[HK41]Abstract:Recent years have seen the rapid increase of tax revenue in China. This paper examined the effects on tax revenue of enterprise income tax of real estate industry caused by facts in economy, administration and policy. The result of empirical study illustrates that elasticity of enterprise income tax of real estate industry is about 1.21. The improvement of tax administration and the adjustment of tax policy also contribute to the growth of tax revenue. Among them, tax administration efficiency plays a prominent role in the rapid increase of tax revenue of enterprise income tax of real estate industry.
Key words:real estate industry; enterprise income tax; tax elasticity
1 引言
近年來,中國的稅收增長幅度大大超過GDP的增長幅度,呈現出持續高速增長的態勢。2005年,全國稅收收入達到28778.54億元,為2000年的2.29倍,稅收占GDP的比重也于2005年攀升至15.7%[1]。表1中的數據表明,中國各年度稅收收入的增長速度都高于GDP的增長速度,稅收增長率與GDP增長率之比在2001年甚至達到了2.6,稅收收入出現了“超常增長”[2]。
對于導致稅收收入增長幅度長期超GDP增長幅度的原因,理論界存在著許多不同的看法。胡怡建指出,超常增長的稅收中有相當一部分是因政策因素調整和其他因素作用而引起的名義收入增加,包括改革性虛增、政策性虛增、制度性虛增、體制性虛增、計劃性虛增和基礎性虛增等,虛增因素會隨著制度的穩定而大大減少,財政收入也終將步入穩定增長的軌道[3]。劉尚希認為,當前中國稅收的快速增長,是許多臨時性因素作用的結果,并不代表長期趨勢;若去掉這些臨時性因素,稅收增長與經濟增長是大體合適的;……